Ch. 10 Notes The Bill of Rights

1st Amendment 1. Religious Freedom Congress cannot make any one national religion Separation between “church and state” We are able to practice our religion however we want (to a point)

1st Amendment 2. Freedom of Speech and Press (Freedom of Expression) We can say and write what we want as long as it is true (to a point) Cannot spread false accusations or publish information that would be helpful to an enemy during wartime This freedom isn’t protected if it endangers public safety

1st Amendment 3. Right to Assemble We have the right to “peaceably” assemble People cannot close streets, buildings or protest violently

1st Amendment 4. Right to Petition We have the right to petition our government leaders to change laws or gov. actions People can gather signatures on a petition to begin the process of passing a law

2nd Amendment 1. Right to Bear Arms Gives people the right to own weapons (to a point)

3rd Amendment 1. Quartering Troops Americans have the right to refuse to house soldiers in their home

4th Amendment 1. Protection from Illegal Searches and Seizures The police need a Warrant, probable cause, or be in pursuit 3. This gives Americans the “right” to be left alone 4. Students don’t have all 4th amendment rights, they are replaced by the lesser strict idea of “reasonable suspicion”

5th Amendment The right to a Grand Jury Grand Jury looks at evidence only to see if they should proceed to trial 2. Double Jeopardy- a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime

5th Amendment 3. Self-incrimination- you have the right to not say anything that will prove you are guilty We are innocent until proven guilty You can “take the Fifth” when on the witness stand

5th Amendment Due Process- police and the government must follow clear rules and act reasonably when they are carrying out the law while investigating someone 5. Imminent Domain- the government cannot take private property for public use without paying a fair price for the land

6th Amendment The right to a speedy trial The right to a public trial 3. An accused person has the right to a jury trial

6th Amendment A person must be told the charges against them as well as the time and place of the supposed crime A defendant has the right to hear and question all witnesses who testify at trial 6. Right to a lawyer

7th Amendment Disputes between businesses and people Civil cases usually involve money, property, or family matter (like divorces) 3. No judge can overrule the jury’s decision on any given case

8th Amendment Right to bail -- A judge cannot demand “excessive” bail Protects against excessive fines 3. No cruel or unusual punishments

9th Amendment 1. There are some rights not listed in the Constitution that are retained (kept) by the people Example- the right to privacy

10th Amendment Powers not given to the national government by the Constitution automatically go to the states Example- the ability to make and tax roads and highways