RFID in CEN TC225 and ISO/IEC JTC1 John Ketchell CEN Director, Pre-Standards ETSI Internet of Things, 3/4 December 2007 1 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

Presentation contents A bit about CEN CEN and ICT – CEN/ISSS ISO/IEC JTC1/SC31 New work proposed in CEN TC225  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 2 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

CEN – another European Standards Organization 30 National Members, and the representative expertise they assemble from each country 8 Associate Members (consumers, SMEs, etc) 2 Counsellors (EC, EFTA) 5 Affiliate Members (mainly EU applicants, but changing: will include EU associate members) Partner Standardization Bodies (outside Europe) CEN is the partner of ISO at European level – our members are all ISO members; we share work (“Vienna Agreement”) ICT work (“CEN/ISSS”) mainly in applications, often guidance; we are “European Entry Point” to UN-ECE eBusiness standards process  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 3 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

Our process and products Produced in Technical Committees with national delegations (but made up of expert stakeholders): European Standards – EN Technical Specification - CEN/TS Technical Report - CEN/TR CEN Guides Produced in Workshops open to direct participation of any interested parties: CEN Workshop Agreement - CWA Produced in open Focus Groups (eg currently eGovernment, biometrics): Strategic reports ENs are automatically national standards; other products published by national members; many CEN/ISSS are CWAs free on-line  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 4 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

Our ICT landscape 8 Technical Committees – eHealth, Intelligent Transport, citizen cards, etc. Since February 1998: 65 Workshops (another 37 outside ICT…) 17 Workshops open, three announced + one revived 200+ CEN Workshop Agreements published 1000+ (average) registered Workshop participants (business and other interests) Value-added activities (R&D links, consortia overview, etc.) Focus Groups and Technical Board Working Groups – strategic groups preparing standards topic overviews, recommendations. Many activities are in eBusiness, but we also work on technology applications and public interest topics Only in CEN do we find such a wide range of eBusiness standards issues!  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 5 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

And for RFID? CEN TC225 – AIDC technologies Started bar-code standardization Recently: ad hoc Group on RFID standardization - new RFID work programme under discussion Links to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC31 at global level Secretariat: NEN (Dutch CEN Member body) Convenor: Paul Chartier, Praxis Consultants (UK)  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 6 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

Our global counterpart JTC 1 Information Technology Other SCs SC31 AIDC Technology Other WGs WG4 RFID for item management SG1 Application protocols SG3 Air interface Other SGs  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 7 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

Types of RFID standards – one view… Technology - air interface defines what it does Conformance & Performance how to measure that it “does what it says on the tin” “Middleware” protocols how data and instructions are processed Data content how business data is supported Applications making it work for a specific sector  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 8 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

ISO/IEC JTC1 Air Interface Standards Various aspects can be covered, but key are: The air interface: frequency, modulation, bit encoding Anticollision the ability to address a number of tags unambiguously and almost simultaneously not always a requirement Commands and responses that address memory in terms of blocks (or words, or pages)  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 9 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

JTC1 SC31 WG4 RFID for Item Management Work Items for SG3 ISO/IEC 18000 Parameters for Air Interface Communications with particular parts defined as follows: Part 1 – definition of parameters Part 2 – two types operating below 135KHz Part 3 – two modes operating at 13.56 MHz Part 4 – two modes operating at 2.45 GHz Part 5 – not published Part 6 – three types operating at 860 to 960 MHz Part 7 – one mode operating at 433 MHz (active tag technology) Work continues with revisions (eg sensors) and new candidates  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 10 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

ISO/IEC 18000 Parameters for air interface communications Spectrum Frequency Standard Low Frequency <135 kHz ISO/IEC 18000-2 High Frequency 13,56 MHz ISO/IEC 18000-3 433 MHz ISO/IEC 18000-7 UHF 860-960 MHz ISO/IEC 18000-6 Microwave 2,45 GHz ISO/IEC 18000-4  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 11 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

ISO RFID Standards Performance and conformance Performance: “Manner, quality or measure of a function”: ISO/IEC 18046 - RF Tag and interrogator performance test methods – Technical Report Conformance: “Fulfilment of a product, process or service of specified requirements”: ISO/IEC 18047 - RFID device conformance test methods – Technical Report [This is a multi-part standard to align with ISO/IEC 18000]  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 12 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

JTC1 SC31 WG4 RFID for Item Management Work Items for SG1 Data Protocol standards: ISO/IEC 15961 and 15962 Management of data constructs ISO/IEC 24753 Encoding and processing rules for sensors and batteries ISO/IEC 24791 Software System Infrastructure  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 13 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

RFID Data Protocol Revisions to ISO/IEC 15961 & 15962 15961-1: Edition of October 2004) needs to be simplified concerning data constructs topics 15961-2: Rules for new Registration Authority for AFIs and other data constructs 15961-3: Specification of data constructs 15961-4: Commands for sensors 15962: New encoding and data mapping processes  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 14 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

New Work: Sensors Technical & Application Issues There are a variety of sensor & battery developments making links with RFID feasible & economically viable In supply chains additional sensory information (e.g. temperature, moisture content) can be captured via the RFID tag Technical challenges: low cost sensors are the likely focus wireless, but unknown, so different from wireless networks self declaring sensors - the sensor & tag might not be known  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 15 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

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Opportunity to move forward with a European focus CEN TC225 and RFID Until now, the focus has been on technology standards; with the task left to JTC1 SC31 This is a legacy of the bar code standards developed by CEN being offered as inputs to ISO The first generation RFID technology standards are stable - a sound platform for application developments On the other hand, we need to be sure that European needs for applications are met Opportunity to move forward with a European focus NB linkeage to EU Expert Team work  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 17 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

2007 ICT standardization work programme RFID is mentioned as one of the three priority domains in DG Enterprise standards support programme As a result, CEN/TC 225 was invited to create proposals for European standardisation in the field of RFID Five proposals developed and proposed for EU financial support: RFID Privacy & Security RFID Implementation Guidelines The Application of RFID in the Manufacturing Sector Automotive Product Authentication & Tracking Using RFID Electronic Customs Forms: Airline Inflight Bonded Goods Sales All positively evaluated, but further discussion required with Commission Work may start spring 2008  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 18 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

The Privacy and Security work We will: Identify threats to privacy and security Identify solutions that have been, or can be, applied Create a matrix of solutions and standards - noting that not all technologies can support a given solution Prepare a gap analysis Identify possibilities solutions from one technology to another Identify alternative (possibly 2nd order) solutions NB! This work may need to be linked to the reviving CEN/ISSS Workshop on data protection and privacy (WS/DPP) – generic work  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 19 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

The Implementation Guidelines work We will cover: Generic technology issues. Examples: physics, power issues, frequencies, memory types Closer review for the standardised air interface technologies Advise on standards other than air interface Advise on implementation issues Objective: A single source document aimed at end users and as a framework for academic and vocational curricula  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 20 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

Application of RFID in the Manufacturing Sector Automotive sector as a reference - employs 2 million people in Europe Mapping of technologies to applications Analyse at least 20 applications: e.g. containers, parts marking, RFID and robotics, recycling Identify outcomes. Examples: new pan-European initiatives RFID equivalent of EN1573 (Multi-Industry Transport Label) sector standards even advice about closed systems  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 21 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

Automotive Product Authentication & Tracking Using RFID After-market worth 50 billion Euro per annum 5% to 10% of this is possibly counterfeit Track and trace (established and new components) chain of custody component usage history recycling of old components Possible links to CEN/ISSS Workshop: Anti-counterfeiting: Protocols for Detection of Counterfeits (WS/CPF)  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 22 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

Newly established by TC225 AHG Terms and Definitions Newly established by TC225 AHG Stems from discussion in Commission Expert Team List of terms and definitions drafted, open for comment Will be placed on CEN/ISSS web pages this week  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 23 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

Newly established by TC225 AHG Terms and Definitions Newly established by TC225 AHG Stems from discussion in Commission Expert Team List of terms and definitions drafted, open for comment Some taken from JTC1 or ETSI standards, some new…. Document will be placed on CEN/ISSS web pages this week (link from www.cen.eu/isss)  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 24 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

RFID is increasingly important Looking ahead RFID is increasingly important We are not lacking standards overall, but we miss details – security, privacy, applications Expertise to write standards is limited, we need collaboration, both at EU level and internationally (GRIFS will help) As fellow ESOs, we must ensure CEN and ETSI develop close co-ordination in this area; we need to be complementary We may receive a Commission mandate in 2008 – a request for standards work: contents? Watch this space!  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 25 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018

Thanks to you for listening Many thanks Thanks to Paul Chartier, Praxis Consultants, for the technical material Thanks to you for listening Questions? john.ketchell@cen.eu www.cen.eu/isss  2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018 26 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 04/12/2018