Resonance.

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Presentation transcript:

Resonance

Objectives Examine and describe how waves propagate in oscillatory systems. Investigate wave interference in an oscillating system. Investigate the phenomenon of resonance in an oscillating system.

Physics terms oscillation amplitude frequency natural frequency periodic periodic force resonance

Equations Pendulums Springs

Natural frequency The frequency at which a system tends to oscillate is called its natural frequency. Each string on a guitar oscillates with a different natural frequency. A guitar string that plays the note middle C has been tuned to have a natural frequency of 262 Hz.

More inertia: lower frequency NOTES

Stronger restoring force: higher frequency NOTES

Test your knowledge When playing a guitar, how do you increase the inertia to play a lower frequency note? How do you increase the restoring force to play a higher frequency note?

Resonance NOTES Resonance occurs when the periodic force is applied at the natural frequency.

Condition for resonance NOTES If the frequency of the periodic force is EQUAL to the natural frequency, you have resonance.

No resonance NOTES If the frequency of the periodic force is NOT EQUAL to the natural frequency there is NO resonance.

Resonance and energy The energy of the resonant system increases with each application of the periodic force.

Mass and spring system The resonant frequency depends on: the strength of the spring force, which increases with k the inertia, which is the mass, m

Mass and spring system NOTES Here’s the equation, and it makes sense: As k increases (and the restoring force increases) the natural frequency goes UP. As the mass m increases, the natural frequency goes DOWN.

Pendulums NOTES Pendulums also have a natural frequency and period:

Assessment Why do you hear different notes when you tap on different types of drinking glasses?

Assessment Which is NOT an example of resonance? a person pushing a child higher and higher on a swing a child bouncing a ball up and down a singer singing a specific note, causing a glass to vibrate and break a trumpet player vibrating his lips to play a note