Immunohematology Study of human blood groups

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Presentation transcript:

Immunohematology Study of human blood groups Upload 12.07 Blood groups- notes and activity

Karl Landsteiner 1901 Began studies of blood antigens, blood transfusions, genetic inheritance of blood, use of blood types in a court of law Identified and named the blood group A, B, AB, O in 1909 Received the Nobel Prize in 1930 Student Question: Do animals have blood types? Yes- Dogs have 4 types, cats have 11 and cows have 800.

Antigen- (agglutinogens) proteins found on the surface of cells, in this case red blood cells

Antibodies -(immunoglobulins)- serum (plasma) proteins

Antibodies

Antibodies

Antibodies

Where do antibodies come from? We are not born with them. Blood antibodies probably come from the foods we eat such as meat and dairy products. Other antibodies found in your body develop against diseases.

B. Principle of Agglutination- What's happening in the picture? Agglutination (clumping) occurs when antibodies not normally present in the blood are added.

This is what it looks like under the microscope.

Using the principal of agglutination to determine blood type Take a known antiserum and add it to blood. Example: Anti-A antiserum will cause agglutination in A blood. What is this person’s blood type? A Clumping

Rh Factor There are other antigens present in blood- Rh antigens (Tested in the same way you test A and B antigens) If your blood clots in the presence of Rh antibodies you are Rh + If your blood does not clot in the presence of Rh antibodies you are Rh -

Frequency of blood types in the US Which is the most common? Which is the least common?

Blood Transfusions *Rule: In transfusing blood, avoid giving the patient an antigen he does not already have. Play the Quick game with random patients. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/educational/landsteiner/index.html Show your teacher the score. Complete the chart for homework.