Unit 4 Review 2014
1. What are the horizontal rows called on the periodic table? Periods
2. Draw a Bohr Model for: A. Carbon B. Sodium C. Lithium
3. Explain what happens when electrons emit light When electrons absorb energy they jump to a higher orbital (excited state). They then return to their starting point (ground state) and emit light!
4. Describe an electron cloud. The space around the nucleus of an atom where the electrons are orbiting extremely fast
5. The regions (circles) of space in which the electrons are moving around the nucleus of an atom are called: Energy levels (or orbitals, electron shells, or rings)
6. Electrons in the outermost energy level are called: Valence electrons
7. What are the vertical columns called on the periodic table? Groups or families
8. What does a group tell you about an atom? The number of valence electrons
9. Draw a Lewis structure for: A. Chlorine B. Oxygen
10. What is the family name for group 1? Alkali metals
11. What family name is Fluorine found in? The Halogens (group 17)
12. What is the family name for group 18? The noble gases Why are they called the noble gases? -because their outmost energy level is full and have 8 valence electrons or a full outer shell causes an atom to be stable and therefore, unreactive
14. Who first organized the elements into groups of 3 and what where those groups of 3 called? Dobereiner; triads
15. Who organized the periodic table into rows and columns and put them in by increasing atomic mass? Mendeleev
16. Henry Mosely understood that the elements are not organized by increasing atomic mass, but by the increasing_________ ___________ Atomic number
17. How many valence electrons does Phosphorous have? 5 Iodine? 7
18. Explain why oxygen and sulfur have similar reactivities? They both are in the same family/group and therefore have the same number of valence electrons
19. List some properties of a metal Shiny/luster High densities Good conductors Mostly gray in color Malleable ductile
20. List some properties of Non- metals Brittle More colorful Mostly gases Poor conductors of electricity
21. Properties of Metalloids Solids. Can be shiny or dull. Ductile. Malleable. Conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals.