NOTES: Biogeochemical Cycles

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Presentation transcript:

NOTES: Biogeochemical Cycles

On Earth. .. Matter can occasionally come, but it cannot just “leave”. WE call this a closed system.

Because matter stays on earth, that means that elements are shuffled from place to place. These are called BIOGEOCHEM-ICAL CYCLES.

Some Major Cycles of Matter Water / Hydrologic Cycle (O2) Rock Cycle Chemical Cycles Carbon Nitrogen

Pathways (arrows) indicate movement Pathways (arrows) indicate movement. Reservoirs = Places where large amounts of an element are stored Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere

Carbon Cycle Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere

Carbon Cycle Reservoirs (the largest is the lithosphere!) Atmosphere 1x (= 730000000000000000 g) Biosphere 3x 55x 35,000x Lithosphere Hydrosphere

Carbon Cycle Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere Respiration& Decay Photosynthesis Dissolution Weathering & Volcanism Evaporation Biosphere Burial & Lithification Lithosphere Photosynthesis Burial & Lithification Hydrosphere

Human Impacts Atmosphere Biosphere Net Effect: Increase in Carbon Deforestation: Decrease Photosynthesis Increase Respiration Atmosphere Burning fossil fuels: Increased combustion Biosphere Net Effect: Increase in Carbon in Atmosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere

Humans are tampering with the closed system of Carbon on earth (and adding more, which can affect the climate)

BIOMASS = Biomass, a renewable energy source, is biological material from living, or recently living organisms, such as wood, waste, (hydrogen) gas, and alcohol fuels. FOSSIL FUELS are fuels formed by natural resources such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms. The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, so it is a non-renewable energy source.

Nitrogen fixation is a process where Nitrogen in nature (N2) is converted to Ammonia (NH3). This makes it a “useable” / non-toxic compound for living things to put into sugars, proteins, and DNA. Root “nodules” and bacteria and lightning can do this!

Nitrogen Cycle Atmosphere = RESERVOIR Biosphere Lithosphere Denitrification: bacteria Biosphere Nitrogen fixation: bacteria lightning Absorption Waste & Decomposition Erosion Lithosphere Hydrosphere

Human Impacts Atmosphere Biosphere Net Effect: Increase in Nitrogen in water & soil industrial (fertilizer) combustion Increased Erosion from construction Lithosphere Hydrosphere

Oxygen gets cycled chemically through the Water / Hydrologic Cycle mostly, but also from. . .

The process of Photosynthesis (food-making) and Cellular Respiration (food-breaking) between plants and other organisms

Where is the ultimate mixing location (interface) for ALL of the cycles? SOIL!

CLIMATE is affected greatly by biogeochemical cycles, since these elements can be mixed with the atmosphere. Addition/deletion of any atmospheric gas can change temperature and reactivity.