Valence Electrons are the only electrons involved in Chemical Bonds!!!

Dissociation of a salt (inorganic) in water

Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Sugars & Starches with C, O, H “Hydrated carbon” Glucose: C6H12O6 Ribose:C5H10O5

1. Carbohydrates A. Monosaccharide Simple sugars Single-chain or single-ring 3-7 carbons Glucose- blood sugar, cellular fuel Fructose & Galactose- converted into glucose Ribose & deoxyribose- used in nucleic acids

B. Double sugar (disaccharide) Double sugars Dehydration synthesis- 2 simple sugars are joined by a synthesis reaction Sucrose (glucose-fructose) Lactose (glucose-galactose) Maltose (glucose-glucose) Double sugars are too large to pass through the cell membrane Broken down into monosac. Hydrolysis reaction

Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis of a molecule of sucrose

C. Polysaccharides Many sugars Storage products= large insoluble Lack sweetness Starch- plants Glycogen- animal tissues (muscles & liver)

Carbs… Ready, easily used source of food energy for cells Glucose oxidized (combined with O2)--- broken down into CO2 & H2O As glucose bonds break the energy released is trapped in ATP molecules (energy currancy of all cells) If not needed for ATP synthesis- carbs are converted to glycogen or fat and stored…WEIGHT GAIN 