Periodic Table of Awesomeness (Elements)

Subatomic Particles Electrical Charge Location Size Protons Positive Nucleus Large mass Electrons Negative Cloud (outside) Small mass (almost no mass) Valence electrons Very outside (outer shell) Neutrons Large Mass

Information on Each Element There are 4 main pieces on each square of the periodic table:

Information on Each Element There are 4 main pieces on each square of the periodic table: Atomic Number: The number of protons the Element has Protons identifies the element!

Information on Each Element There are 4 main pieces on each square of the periodic table: Element Symbol: Letter(s) that represent the element.

Information on Each Element There are 4 main pieces on each square of the periodic table: Element Name

Information on Each Element There are 4 main pieces on each square of the periodic table: Atomic Mass: The average mass of all isotopes of the atom found in nature. Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons

Mass Number He – 4 C – 12 C - 14

APE MAN 6 6 6 Carbon - 14 14 6 8 8 6 O-16 C-12 8 6 8 6 16 12 8 6 8 6

HOMEWORK TONIGHT! Complete the rest of the APE-MAN Table in your notebook for the following elements: Hydrogen H – 1 Nitrogen N – 14 Phosphorus P – 31 Sulfur S – 32

Groups/Periods Groups- Vertical columns on Periodic Table Circle Group 3B and label it Group. Group

Groups/Periods Period- Horizontal Rows on Periodic Table. Tells you how many energy levels the atom has. Circle period 5 and label it period! Period

Metals/ Metalloids/ Nonmetals Shade and Make a key for each!

Groups with Specific Names Group 1: Alkali Metals Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals Group 17: Halogens Group 18: Noble Gases

Trends in Periodic Table Atomic Radius – How big the atom is Smallest Increasing Atomic Radius “Fat Frank” Biggest Increasing Atomic Radius

Let’s Practice Which of the following atoms has the largest atomic radius? Barium, Calcium, Yttrium Which of the following has the smallest atomic radius? Boron, Iodine, Fluorine

Valence Electrons Column/Group 1A has 1 valence electron Column/Group 8A has 8 valence electron (except for He which has 2)

Valence Electrons Valence electrons = e- in outermost shell that determines reactivity/bonding This is indicated for each column/group by the number in front of the letter above the group Valence e- Transition Metals have can have different valence electrons

Let’s Practice Find the valence electrons for Carbon Nitrogen 4 Oxygen Hydrogen Phosphorus Sulfur 4 5 6 1 5 6

The most common molecules that make up living organisms (organic) C H O N P S The most common molecules that make up living organisms (organic) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur Box these in!!

Elements that naturally appear in pairs such a O2 Diatomic Molecules Elements that naturally appear in pairs such a O2 These are still ELEMENTS, NOT compounds. Box in the 7!

Oxidation Hypothetical charges an ion or atom would have once bonds are formed. Atoms have a 0 net charge before bonding. Bonds form because atoms want to become more stable. Most atoms are stable with 8 valence electrons. Positive number means Group members can GIVE an electron. Negative number means Group members can GAIN (or STEAL) an electron.

Oxidation Numbers None +1 - 1 +3 +/- 4 - 3 - 2 +2

Let’s Practice What is the oxidation # for: Sodium Magnesium Potassium Carbon Neon Fluorine Did they gain or give electrons? +1 gave gave +2 gave +1 +/- 4 Gave/gained None No reaction No bonding -1 Gained

Octet Rule Most atoms want 8 valance electrons to become stable. Exceptions H and He which follow duet rule. + 11 proton -10 electrons +1 Charge!!!

Reactivity Reactivity refers to the rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction. Non-Metals Increasing Reactivity Metals Increasing Reactivity

Let’s Practice Which of the following is the most reactive metal? Na, K, Rb K, Ca, Sc Which of the following is the most reactive nonmetal? Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen C, Si, Ge Which group/family is the most reactive metal? Which group/family is the most reactive nonmetal? Which group is least reactive? 1A/ Alkali Metals 17 or 7A/ Halogens 18 or 8A/Noble Gases