ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

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Presentation transcript:

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

General representation of a functional group = R 8.2 Functional Groups Groups of organic compounds such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics are called FUNCTIONAL GROUPS It is an atom or a group of atoms that react in a characteristics manner (the same functional groups react in a similar manner) General representation of a functional group = R You don’t need to name all of them, but you MUST be able to identify the type of functional group

ALKYL HALIDES: R – X (X = Cl, Br, I, and F) Must know how to NAME and IDENTIFY them

1. USE THE SAME RULES AS FOR ALKANES RULES FOR NAMING! 1. USE THE SAME RULES AS FOR ALKANES 2. Names for HALOGENS HALOGEN HALO GROUP Fluorine Fluoro Bromine Bromo Chlorine Chloro Iodine Iodo

Fluoro Bromo Chloro Iodo HALOGEN HALO GROUP Fluorine Fluoro Bromine Bromo Chlorine Chloro Iodine Iodo

Alcohols: R – OH (OH = hydroxyl group) Must know how to NAME and IDENTIFY them

RULES FOR NAMING!

Must know how to IDENTIFY them ETHERS: R – O – R’ Must know how to IDENTIFY them

Aldehydes (contain carbonyl group) Must know how to IDENTIFY them

Ketones (contain carbonyl group) Must know how to IDENTIFY them

Ketones Aromatics Alcohol

Carboxylic Acids (contain carboxyl group) Organic acids Must know how to IDENTIFY them

Must know how to IDENTIFY them Esters Used as flavoring agents, perfumes, DNA, explosives Must know how to IDENTIFY them

Must know how to IDENTIFY them Esters Use as flavoring agents, perfumes, DNA, explosives Must know how to IDENTIFY them

Must know how to IDENTIFY them Amines Must know how to IDENTIFY them Used as drugs (antihistamines, decongestants) or dyes Illegal drugs: ecstasy, crystal meth

Must know how to IDENTIFY them Amides Must know how to IDENTIFY them Nitrogen bound to a carbonyl group Used in plastics, rubber, nylon, Kevlar, acetaminophen, proteins

Must know how to IDENTIFY them Amides Must know how to IDENTIFY them Nitrogen bound to a carbonyl group Used in plastics, rubber, nylon, Kevlar, acetaminophen, proteins

Must know how to IDENTIFY them Amides Must know how to IDENTIFY them Nitrogen bound to a carbonyl group Used in plastics, rubber, nylon, Kevlar, acetaminophen, proteins

Carboxylic acid Ester Aromatic

Ester Amine Aromatic Ester

HOMEWORK Pages: 225 Problems: 17 - 20