Russia 1750-1900.

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Presentation transcript:

Russia 1750-1900

Map Russian Expansion 1815-1914 (page 618) Geo-Politics & Geo-Economics How far is it from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok? How would the size & distances in Russia make Government difficult? What relationship is there between Russian ports & access to the seas? Why would ports on the Barents Sea & Arctic Ocean not be practical?

Czar Nicholas I s backlash against Westernization -early 1800s turn to isolationism Nicholas I represses opposition – Decembrist Revolt of 1825 Russia escapes mid 1800 revolution – part of Conserv falls behind West with industrialization agricultural society – dependent on un-free labor Czar Nicholas I

territorial expansion Extension of trans-Siberian railroad

railroads – 1870s - spur iron & coal production open up Siberia

THE GREAT GAME agricultural society – dependent on un-free labor Central Asia Britain & Russia

Russian competition with Britain for territory in Central Asia Also conflict with China over Amur river area

Crimean War (1854-1856) - lose b/c not as industrialized free labor force needed? reform to protect Russian institutions – not copy West zemstvoes

serfs emancipated 1861 - had to pay for land increases urban population no increase in agricultural production later reforms – law codes - local political councils Zemstvoes - military Remains traditional peasant society – no change of attitude

move to industrialization Slow industrialization – few Bourgeoisie Top-down industrialization sabotaged by lack of cultural change (political and otherwise)

Count Sergei Whitte high protective tariffs improve banking encourage Western investment

women get some access to education & professions

Feodor Dostoevsky Leo Tolstoy literacy increases A Russian literature develops embodying Russian character Feodor Dostoevsky Leo Tolstoy

reforms & economic changes encourage minority nationality demands cultural nationalism social protest peasants suffer government pulls back from reforms educated dissatisfied - want more personal freedoms intelligentsia – radical political change - deep social reform

Revolution of 1905 Marxist socialism starts to spread (1890s) Vladimir Ilyich Lenin – make Marxism fit Russia working class unrest in cities Revolution of 1905 imperialist expansion into 20th century pan-Slavic movement Middle East, Central Asia, China Russo-Japanese war 1904-1905 loss creates unrest in Russia

Eastern Europe urban workers & peasants unite Duma created – national parliament peasant reforms Tsar withdraws reforms & new rights Eastern Europe influenced by Russia abolish serfdom industrialization minimal agricultural exporters

Cultural novelists Dostoevsky Tolstoy music Tchaikovsky Chopin (Polish) Lizt (Hungarian) science Mendel (Czech) – genetics Pavlov - physiology