Bell Ringer 11-30-09 To measure the amount of concentration, you compare the amount of solvent and _______. To change the concentration you can add solute or remove _______. List the 3 factors that can affect the solubility of a mixture.

Chapter 7 Section 3 Acids and Bases

What did you eat for breakfast this morning? Apple, Orange, Fruit Juice  Acid The last time you washed your hair, did you use shampoo? Shampoo, Soap  Base

Acids An acid is any substance that produces hydrogen ions ( H+) in water. Acids are hydrogen ion donators.

Properties of acids An acid is a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus paper red. Acids are corrosive ( eat away ). Citrus fruits are acidic ( lemons, grapefruits, oranges, limes, cherries, tomatoes, apples)

Acids and litmus paper Litmus is an indicator, a compound that changes color when in contact with an acid or a base. Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

Bases A base is any substance that produces hydroxide ( OH-) ions in water. A base is a hydrogen ion acceptor.

Properties of Bases A base is a substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue. Common bases: NaOH, CaOH, and ammonia

pH scale The pH scale is a range of values from 0 - 14. It expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Another example of pH scale

pH What does pH mean????????? p = potential H = hydrogen ions pH = the potential to attract hydrogen ions

Low pH/high pH A low pH = the concentration of hydrogen ions is high. ( it is a strong acid) A high pH = the concentration of hydrogen ions is low. ( it is a strong base)

pH A pH lower than 7 is acidic. ( HCl acid, vinegar, lemons, tomatoes) A pH higher than 7 is basic. ( drain cleaner, ammonia, soap, baking soda) A pH of 7 is neutral ( pure water).

In water, acids and bases separate into H+ ions or OH- ions ACIDS – low potential to attract H ions BASES – high potential to atract ions

An acid is a substance that… tastes sour (lemon) reacts with metals and carbonates turns blue litmus paper red (indicator) Examples: Hydrochloric Acid ( used to clean brick) Nitric Acid ( in fertilizers) Sulfuric Acid ( in car batteries) Folic Acid ( in green leafy vegetables) Ascorbic Acid ( in tomatoes and oranges) Lactic Acid ( causes cramps in muscles)

A base is a substance that… tastes bitter (soap) feels slippery (shampoo, detergent, soap) turns red litmus paper blue Examples: Sodium Hydroxide Detergent Ammonia Soap, Shampoo