CHEMICAL KINETICS.

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Presentation transcript:

CHEMICAL KINETICS

Chemical Kinetics Study of the speed of reactions

(or reactants disappear) Reaction Rate Rate at which products appear (or reactants disappear)

Reactions are usually several steps (not just one step) All of the steps together is called the reaction mechanism.

Rate-Determining Step The slowest step of the reaction mechanism (determines the overall reaction rate)

Molecules must collide in order to react Collision Theory Molecules must collide in order to react

In order for the collision to work, it must have the proper orientation and enough energy.

ENERGY DIAGRAMS

Reaction that releases heat Exothermic Rxn Reaction that releases heat (heat exits)

Reaction that absorbs heat Endothermic Rxn Reaction that absorbs heat (heat goes en)

Amount of energy needed to start a reaction Activation Energy Amount of energy needed to start a reaction

Amount of heat lost or gained in a reaction (unit = kJ) Enthalpy Change (DH) Amount of heat lost or gained in a reaction (unit = kJ)

Reactions with a HIGH Ea proceed at a SLOW rate.

Substance that speeds up a reaction by lowering the Ea Catalyst Substance that speeds up a reaction by lowering the Ea

Four factors that affect reaction rate: Temperature Concentration Surface Area Catalyst