Warm-Up: 9/7/17 In your journal, write the following prompt below; be sure to answer the question in at least 4 complete sentences.

Announcements Open House is Next Monday 9/11/17 from 5:30 to 7:00 pm. **Updated Calendars are now posted online . We are beginning discussion/lecture notes over Ch. 3 today. Ch. 2 and 3 Reading Quiz is on Friday 9/8/17 (tomorrow). Ch. 1-3 Test will be on 9/12/17. The testing format will include multiple choice questions and short answer format questions.

3.1 Creating Anglo-America, 1660-1750 [Introduction: King Philip's War] Global Competition and The Expansion of England's Empire The Mercantilist System England attempted to regulate its economy to ensure wealth and national power. Commerce, not territorial plunder, was the foundation of the English empire. The 1651 Navigation Acts required colonial products or "enumerated" goods to be transported in English ships and sold at English ports. The Conquest of New Netherland The restoration of the English monarchy came in 1660 with Charles II, and the government chartered new trading ventures such as the Royal African Company. In 1664, during an Anglo-Dutch war, New Netherland came under control of the English. The terms of Dutch surrender guaranteed some freedoms and liberties but reversed others, especially for blacks. The Duke of York governed New York, and by 1700 nearly 2 million acres of land were owned by only five New York families. New York and the Indians The English briefly held an alliance with the Five Nations known as the Covenant Chain, but by the end of the century the Five Nations adopted a policy of neutrality. The Charter of Liberties Demanding liberties, the English of New York got an elected assembly, which drafted a Charter of Liberties and Privileges in 1683.

E. The Founding of Carolina 1.Carolina was established as a barrier to Spanish expansion north of Florida. 2.Carolina was an offshoot of Barbados and, as such, a slave colony from the start. 3.From 1670 until 1720, Carolina engaged in a slave trade that sold captured local Indians to other mainland colonies and to the West Indies. 4.The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina envisioned a feudal society. The colonial government did allow for religious toleration, an elected assembly, and a generous headright system. 5.The economy grew slowly until planters discovered rice, which would make them the wealthiest elite in English North America.

The Holy Experiment Land in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania was the last seventeenth-century colony to be established and was given to proprietor William Penn. A Quaker, Penn envisioned a colony of peaceful harmony between colonists and Indians and a haven for spiritual freedom. Quakers believed that liberty was a universal entitlement. Liberty extended to women, blacks, and Indians. Religious freedom was a fundamental principle. Quakers upheld a strict code of personal morality. Land in Pennsylvania Penn established an appointed council to originate legislation and an assembly elected by male taxpayers and "freemen," which meant that a majority of the male population could vote. He owned all of the colony's land and sold it to settlers at low prices rather than granting it outright. Pennsylvania attracted immigrants from all over western Europe.

Origins of American Slavery The spread of tobacco led settlers to turn to slavery, which offered many advantages over indentured servants. Englishmen and Africans In the seventeenth century, the concepts of race and racism had not fully developed. Africans were seen as alien in their color, religion, and social practices. Slavery in History Although slavery has a long history, slavery in North America was markedly different. Slavery in the Americas was based on the plantation and the death rate was high in the seventeenth century. Slavery in the West Indies By 1600, huge sugar plantations worked by slaves from Africa were well-established in Brazil and in the West Indies. By 1600, disease had killed off the Indians, and white indentured servants were no longer willing to do the backbreaking work required on sugar plantations. Sugar was the first crop to be mass-marketed to consumers in Europe. Slavery and the Law The line between slavery and freedom was more permeable in the seventeenth century than it would become later. Some free blacks were allowed to sue and testify in court.

The Rise of Chesapeake Slavery It was not until the 1660s that the laws of Virginia and Maryland explicitly referred to slavery. A Virginia law of 1662 provided that in the case of a child born to one free parent and one slave parent, the status of the offspring followed that of the mother. In 1667 the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that conversion to Christianity did not release a slave from bondage. Bacon's Rebellion: Land and Labor in Virginia Virginia's shift from white indentured servants to African slaves as the main plantation labor force was accelerated by Bacon's Rebellion. Virginia's government ran a corrupt regime under Governor Berkeley. Good, free land was scarce for freed indentured servants. Nathaniel Bacon, an elite planter, called for the removal of all Indians, lower taxes, and an end to rule by "grandees." His campaign gained support from small farmers, indentured servants, landless men, and even some Africans. Bacon spoke of traditional English liberties. The rebellion's aftermath left Virginia's planter elite to consolidate their power and improve their image. A Slave Society By the end of the seventeenth century, a number of factors made slave labor very attractive to English settlers; and slavery began to supplant indentured servitude between 1680 and 1700. By the early eighteenth century, Virginia had transformed from a society with slaves to a slave society. In 1705, the House of Burgesses enacted strict slave codes. From the start of American slavery, blacks ran away and desired freedom. Settlers were well aware that the desire for freedom could ignite the slaves to rebel.