DNA Technology Chapter 13

Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering: form of genetics in which scientists directly manipulate genes Uses “DNA technology” Purpose: Cure disease Treat disorders Improve nutrition & lifestyles

Manipulating Genes Restriction Enzyme: cuts DNA into smaller pieces to be worked with Cuts at specific sites (i.e.: “CTTAAG”) Once cut, may remove harmful gene or insert donor gene Result is Recombinant DNA

DNA Fingerprints DNA Fingerprint: a pattern of bands made up from an individual’s DNA Arranged in columns Used to identify an individual (in crimes) Used to establish relatives

Human Genome Project Goals: Began 1990; Completed 2003 1) To determine nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome 2) To map the location of every gene on every chromosome Began 1990; Completed 2003 Used to help cure and treat genetic disorders Cystic fibrosis, Muscular dystrophy, etc.

Practical Uses of DNA Technology 1) Vaccines A solution that contains a harmless version of a virus or bacterium 2) Herbicide-resistant crops Strains of wheat, cotton, & soybeans engineered to be resistant to weed killer 3) Food Supply and Nutrition Engineered to ↑ yield & preservation