Heating Up the States of Matter

Essential Standard 6.P.2 Understand the structure, classifications and physical properties of matter.

Clarifying Objective 6.P .2.2 Explain the effect of heat on the motion of atoms through a description of what happens to particles during a change in phase.

Essential Question How are atoms effected when the temperature of an object is increased/decreased? What happens to the atoms and amount of heat during the liquid to gas phase change? What happens to the atoms and amount of heat during the solid to liquid phase change? What happens to the atoms and amount of heat during the gas to liquid phase change? What happens to the atoms and amount of heat during the liquid to solid phase change

Heat & Phase Changes Chart

Atoms Remember that atoms are the smallest form of matter All solids, liquids, & gases are made of atoms What separates solids, liquids, & gases from each other is how many atoms are in each of the phases

States of Matter Per review from last year there are 3 states of matter Solids Liquids Gases Each state of matter carries a different temperature & different amount of atoms in it States of matter are controlled by TEMPERATURE

Heat & Atoms The amount of heat that is given to directly affects whether it will be a solid, liquid or gas The more the heat the more the atom particles change The more heat provided the more ENERGY the atom particles will have

Heat & Atoms Heat gives the atoms ENERGY The energy causes the atoms to get excited When the atom particles excite they begin to vibrate faster & faster

Heat & Atoms As the atoms vibrate faster the space between the atoms becomes larger The end result is that the object expands and takes up more space

Heat & Atoms Small amount of heat = solids Medium amount of heat = liquids Large amount of heat = gases The more heat given the more energy the atoms will have Here is how it works

Solids Atoms in the solid state are very close together They are stuck together in the form of a square or rectangle They rotate & bump into each other but not very much & they do it very slowly The atoms are cold in the solid stage but have definite volume Atoms in the solid stage have a definite rigid structure

Liquids Atoms in a liquid state can move freely around, under, & on top of each other This flow of atoms (around each other) causes liquid to take water form Atom particles in this state pull each other around which is why water will pool up on a surface Atoms in a liquid state will take the shape of what they are in Atoms in liquids have definite VOLUME

Gases Atom particles in a gas state break totally free from each other (evaporation) They move freely around totally on their own and not attached to another particle They move extremely fast in this state Atoms in the gas state have no shape or volume

Three States of Matter https://sites.google.com/a/stanlycountyschools.org/tommythompson/science/videos/matter-energy

Solids Liquids When Solids change to liquids these things happen Heat/Temp increases This causes the atom particles to get exited Atom particles VIBRATE Atom particles BREAK APART Atom particles begin to slide past, over & under each other (this is what causes the flow in liquids) Atom particles pull each other around

Liquids Gases When liquids are changed to gases they must first be heated up Atom particles heat up some more Atom particles start to get even more excited and move even faster Atom particles fly around so fast that they break off from the liquid particles They have no definite shape or volume They become gas particles

Gases Liquids When gases are changed back to liquids Atom particles cool down Atom particles move slower Atom particles stick themselves back together They are now only able to move themselves around, over, & under each other They take on the shape & volume of their containers

Liquids Solid When liquids change back to solids they The atom particles get very cold The atom particles move very slowly The atom particles are stuck back together They can only rotate & vibrate against each other but cannot move Create a definite shape and volume that does not depend on a container

Important Points Heat controls the changes of States of Matter Increasing heat increases ENERGY & VIBRATIONS The more heat you add you change states of matter from SOLIDS to LIQUIDS to GASES When you increase heat the atoms get further apart To control what state of matter you want all you have to do is change the amount of HEAT you give