Scientific Measurement

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Presentation transcript:

Scientific Measurement

Scientists prefer QUANTITATIVE as there is no room for bias! Types of measurement Quantitative- use numbers to describe Qualitative- use description without numbers 4 feet extra large Hot 100ºF Scientists prefer QUANTITATIVE as there is no room for bias!

Remember… Numbers without units are meaningless. NO NAKED NUMBERS!!!

How good are measurements? Accuracy- how close the measurement is to the true value Precision- how well can the measurement be reproduced

Let’s use a golf analogy

Accurate? No Precise? Yes

Accurate? Yes Precise? Yes

Precise? No Accurate? No

Accurate? Yes Precise? We can’t say!

Significant figures (sig figs) How many numbers in a measurement means something When we measure something, we can (and do) always estimate between the smallest marks. 2 1 3 4 5

Significant figures (sig figs) More marks = More precision Scientists always understand that the last number measured is actually an estimate 1 2 3 4 5

Sig Figs Since science tools aren’t precise to infinite digits, we say only certain numbers are “significant” to us.

Atlantic/Pacific Rule Number Pacific Atlantic If decimal is “Present” start counting from the Pacific Side at the first “non-zero” digit and continue counting until the number ends. If the decimal is “Absent” start counting from the Atlantic side at the first “non-zero” digit and continue counting until the number ends.

How many sig figs in these measurements? 3 #2: 4850 g #3: 0.0485 g #4: 40.0040850 g 9

Which measurement has 3 sig figs? 2.013 4200 74.0 830

Round the following numbers to three sig figs. #1: 47. 389 47

Determine the number of significant figures for each number: 461728 0.04216 14.91 50620.0 0.980001 3.5810 5.2631 22.101 23.1 0.9307

Answers: Determine the number of significant figures for each number 461728 6 0.04216 4 14.91 4 50620.0 6 0.980001 6 3.5810 5 5.2631 5 22.101 5 23.1 3 0.9307 4

More Practice 1234 1020010 0.023 1000 890 918.010 91010 0.0001 9010.0 0.00390 1090.0010 8120 0.00120 72 0.00030

Answers: More Practice 1234 4 1020010 6 0.023 2 1000 1 890 2 918.010 6 91010 4 0.0001 1 9010.0 5 0.00390 3 1090.0010 8 8120 3 0.00120 3 72 2 0.00030 2