The Origins of the Cold War: 1945-1954 AP US History The Origins of the Cold War: 1945-1954

The Cold War (1945-1991) United States Democracy Capitalism Religion Soviet Union (USSR) Communist Dictatorship Socialism No Religion Both nations compete for control of world affairs between 1945-1991. There were numerous regional conflicts around the world, but never a “hot war” between the two nations. The USSR dissolves in 1991.

War Conferences Teheran (11/43) US and Britain would open up a 2nd front in Western Europe USSR would help against Japan after Germany was defeated Yalta (2/45) Occupation and division of Germany Free elections in Eastern Europe Creation of the UN Potsdam (7/45) Unconditional surrender in Japan War crimes trials for Nazi leadership

Postwar Cooperation by Allies United Nations UN Security Council US, USSR, Britain, France, China Achievements Nuremberg War Trials

Inquiry: What caused the Cold War? Why did wartime cooperation between the US and the USSR collapse in 1945-1946? What was containment and how was it applied in 1947-1948? How and why did the US formally commit itself to the defense of Europe? How did the Cold War spread to Asia and how successfully was US strategy?

Q1 - Why did wartime cooperation between the US and the USSR collapse in 1945-1946? How can info from each document help you answer Q1? Doc A Doc B (read C-G as a group) Doc C Doc D Doc E Doc F Doc G Key Terms: Second Front Yalta Division of Europe Division of Germany/Berlin Iron Curtain

Q2 - What was containment and how was it applied in 1947-1948? How can info from each document help you answer Q2? Doc A Doc B Doc C Doc D Doc E Key Terms: Containment George Kennan Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan (2)

Q3 – How and why did the United States formally commit itself to the defense of Europe? How can info from each document help you answer Q3? Doc A Doc B Doc C Doc D Key Terms: Berlin Airlift (2) NATO Warsaw Pact

The Cold War in Asia Japanese Reconstruction (45-47) Chinese Civil War - 2 Communists (Mao Zedong) v. Nationalists (Chiang Kai-Shek) US Aid to Nationalists “Loss” of China (1949) China and Taiwan Korean War (1950-1953) map

Discussion Questions Who is to blame for the Cold War? Assign blame to the nations (US/USSR) and the individuals (Stalin, FDR, Truman). Were the Soviets a real or imagined threat? Why? How successful was the policy of containment in Europe during the Truman administration? Use examples. How successful was the policy of containment in Asia during the Truman administration? Use examples.

Evaluate the reasons for the development of the Cold War. Context: Thesis Paragraph One Paragraph Two Synthesis

Evaluate the extent to which the Second World War shaped the Cold War. Context: Thesis Paragraph One Paragraph Two Synthesis

The Second Red Scare (4 Minutes) The Cold War at Home The Second Red Scare (4 Minutes) What caused the Second Red Scare? How did the Red Scare progress in the late 1940s/early1950s? Loyalty Review Boards House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Richard Nixon Spy Cases Hiss Trial Rosenbergs McCarthyism (1950-1954) - 2

Discussion Question Why did McCarthyism appeal to so many Americans in the early 1950s? Thesis: Support for Thesis:

Practice SAQ 1) Briefly explain ONE similarity between the First Red Scare and the Second Red Scare? 2) Briefly explain ONE difference between the First Red Scare and the Second Red Scare? 3) Briefly explain the reason for either the similarity OR the difference?

War Conferences

World War II in Europe

Europe Divided By the Iron Curtain

Germany Berlin

Kennan- The Long Telegram Containment The US will use a policy of trying to contain or stop the spread of communism.

Truman Doctrine “I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” “I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.”

Marshall Plan

Marshall Plan

Berlin Airlift

Berlin Airlift

National Security Act Department of Defense National Security Council Joint Chiefs of Staff National Security Council Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Mao Chiang

Chinese Civil War

Korean War

Richard Nixon on HUAC

Espionage Cases

Joseph McCarthy

McCarthyism