MH31 Principles of interviewing and group leadership Billies Fall 2016

engagement and identity in counseling Name Game Name Video Name Free Write Name Reading Engaging Clients

multicultural Counseling in MH31 Creating a multicultural classroom Multicultural Counseling Competence Mapping emotions and events in everyday life Counseling theory and techniques Pick a client population to focus on

Creating a Multicultural Classroom Thinks about how power affects relationships Appreciates difference as a strength Accepts that discussions will include debate and disagreement Aspires to find connections across differences

Multicultural Counseling Competence the ability of a therapist to include cultural issues in all stages of helping (relationship building, assessment, goal setting, intervention, evaluation) with knowledge, skillfulness, and self-awareness.

3 aspects of multicultural Competence Knowledge: Informed knowledge about how a client’s culture relates to his, her, or their issues Skill: Techniques tailored to a client’s cultural background that recognize how the therapist’s cultural background affects the therapeutic relationship Self-awareness: Knowledge of one’s membership in cultural groups and how they have interacted with other cultural groups over time Also known as “Multicultural Responsiveness”

MCC in MH31 You will study the mental health issue of a specific client group, also known as a “population.” You will focus on one racial or ethnic group that faces this issue. Assignments will guide you to describe the mental health problem faced by this racial or ethnic client population, identify culturally-appropriate engagement, assessment and treatment recommendations, and share this information with your counseling classmates.

Roadmap to helping

tripartite model of personality development

Counselor qualities Why is Carl Rogers important to counselors? Core counselor qualities 1. 2. 3.

MCC: Counselor self-awareness is part of developing multicultural competence includes awareness of your emotions as well as your environment and social context includes the ways society helps you move ahead OR gets in your way can also be called “critical consciousness”

Map your daily life Make a map of your daily life. Include: steps you take, places you go, things you see, smell, hear, taste, or touch, feelings you have, people you encounter, etc.

map your daily life, cont. In pairs, describe your map. Listener, tell the map maker at least one thing that stands out to you. Group discussion Questions: Anyone want to describe their map to the class? What stands out to you? What patterns do you have? How do you feel throughout your day? Who is part of your everyday life? How do you feel about these encounters?

Assignment: map your daily life Read on website

counselors as writers What kinds of writing do counselors, social workers, and human service workers do?

counselors as writers, cont. Free Write How do you feel about your writing? What do you like about writing? What do you dislike about writing? Revising your writing

Discuss map of daily life I Using your Map I Assignment: What emotions do you have in your everyday life? What makes you... angry, sad, afraid, hopeless? happy, excited, hopeful? What makes other people in your life...

EMPATHY Free write Who in your life do you feel really understands you? Who in your life do you understand really well? Is there a particular type of person that you think you understand really well?

What is Empathy? Student definitions: Textbook definition: Empathy is expressed when the counselor communicates that he or she understands the facts, emotions, or special meanings of the client’s story.

Empathy versus Sympathy What is the difference between... Empathy: Sympathy: Which should counselors practice? Why? Empathy: understanding and communicating that you understand the facts, emotions, or meanings of a person’s story Sympathy: feelings of pity or sorrow for someone else’s misfortune. Can be distancing or give a feeling of ‘I’m glad I’m not you!’

LGBTQ Youth of color in foster care Watch (Minute 0 - 6:11 of video)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuSikwpqazA Students take notes during video to hand in: What has happened in Anwar’s life? What feelings is Anwar having? How have his experiences affected his self-perception and his vision for his future?

LGBTQ Youth of color in foster care, continued Discuss in pairs What are three things that Anwar went through while he was in foster care? Can you relate to what he's gone through? Can you relate to his feelings (even if they are for a different reason)? If yes, what can you relate to? If no, what is hard for you to relate to? Discuss in whole class What could you relate to? What couldn’t you relate to? Do you think you could be a good counselor for Anwar? Why or why not? What would you need to learn to be a better counselor for him?

Empathy for clients similar and different from you Empathy is a remarkable tool for counseling because it can transcend the obstacles that can get in the way of people relating to each other. If you know what the person feels because you've been through something similar, if you can put yourself in someone else's shoes, or if you can be compassionate and humble when you don’t understand the person, empathy creates a human bond that deepens trust and promotes healing. At the same time, empathy is a skill because cultural, religious, identity, family, and personality differences can make it hard for counselors to understand their clients. It is important to practice cultural humility. hand in free write

SKILL BUILDING: 3 ways to Show empathy 1. Personal Experience Can you personally relate to what the client has told you? If yes, use what you felt then as a guide to see if that is how the client feels now.   2. Put Yourself in the Client’s Shoes If you can’t relate through personal experience, put yourself in the client’s shoes and imagine what you would feel. Ask if that is how client feels. 3. Show Compassion & Acceptance If You Don’t Understand If you can’t relate to the client, use compassion to show that you accept the client’s feelings as genuine and valid even if you don’t understand.

To Show Empathy to a Client   Do not “help” the client or try to make them feel better! The first step is saying something that shows you understand how the client feels. Use this model: You sound __________________. Is that how you feel? (emotion word) This is also called an “empathic statement.” This is a specific therapist intervention that shows how you as the counselor can relate to the client’s emotion in a genuine way.

Model for Showing Empathy State the emotion you think the client is feeling and ask to see if you are on track: Client: I just don’t know what to do. I’ve tried everything but my brother still won’t talk to me. Counselor: “You sound discouraged. Is that how you feel?” Stop there! Give the client time to respond. Also, yourself to be wrong. This gives the client a chance to refine the feeling he or she is actually feeling.

Example Ask student to read aloud, fill in the blank Client: I’m in my 3rd semester and I just can’t seem to keep up in any of my classes. I’ve been trying, but I know I could do better. My family keeps causing me problems and I feel like they are making me choose between them and school. Counselor: “You sound _________________. Is that how you feel?” (emotion word)

empathy practice In Pairs – empathy exercise Therapist: How is school going for you? Client: (Talk about how school is going for you.) Therapist: You sound ________. Is that how you feel? (emotion word)

Discuss Assignment map of daily life II Refer to your maps. We have talked about the emotions of everyday life. Now we will examine what happens everyday that either helps us move forward or holds us back, toward learning assessment and intervention skills. Free write: What happens in your everyday life that helps you achieve your goals (small and large)? What happens that gets in the way of you achieving your goals (small and large)? hold onto free write for in class exercise

paraphrasing Go to Paraphrasing slides

Tracking thoughts and feelings in a conversation Read assignment description

Become an Expert Free Write Revisit MCC in MH31 Pick a group of people who you really care about. Write about... someone you find yourself drawn toward, that you often want to help a group that you think gets treated unfairly in society, a friend or family member who could use counseling, an issue you personally struggle with, a group you are part of that you may not be worried about but that you care about deeply, etc.

Exercise: STereotypes Do & process

Social Group Identities The tendency for people to categorize themselves as part of an “ingroup” as opposed to an “outgroup” (Tajfel & Turner) We relate to each other based on perceptions of social group status and mobility. Certain social group identities have a big impact in our daily lives: race What others? class gender sexuality dis/ability immigration status

challenging stereotypes Challenging stereotypes about Muslims: video GET

Client race or ethnicity Does your client population have a race or ethnicity? When you imagine them in your mind’s eye what is their race or ethnicity? Go to Race, Ethnicity, Culture slides *You must pick a race or ethnicity for your client population.

Reflecting Feelings Go to slides

Analyzing thoughts and feelings in a conversation Read assignment description

INTERSECTIONALITY and everyday DISCRIMINATION Now we will examine the “social context” or the ways culture and power affect everyday life. As we watch these videos, think about how and when your identities become relevant in your daily life.

intersectional Identities with Dee Watts-Jones https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eO8Q21HGjio QUESTIONS What is “intersectionality”? Does Dee Watts-Jones identify as African American, as a woman, as a middle class person, as a divorced person, or as a heterosexual? Which of her identities are a source of privilege? Which of her identities are a source of oppression?

‪Cracking the Codes: Joy DeGruy, "A Trip to the Grocery Store"‬ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wf9QBnPK6Yg Questions What happened? What do you think would have happened if her sister-in-law had not spoken up? Which person can you relate to in this scenario? Who has privilege in this scenario? What kinds? Who is facing discrimination or oppression? What kinds?

Map an Institution in your daily life Pick an important institution in your daily life home/family; school; store; neighborhood; work; medical facility; religious institution; sports team, club, chorus, dance troupe; etc. Draw and describe how you are treated favorably or unfavorably by that institution. Include: how you are made to feel like you do or don’t belong; examples of being favored or discriminated against; the people involved; what you see, hear, smell, taste, touch; typical things that are said, assumptions and stereotypes; your feelings and bodily sensations; etc. In pairs, share your map and experiences

Assignment: map an institution in your daily life Read on website

free write Describe a typical day in the life of someone in your client population. Specify which racial or ethnic group the client is from. Include: what happens as the person’s day unfolds; the people he/she/ze encounter; the places he/she/ze goes; how the client is treated by people in various institutions (store, school, work, religious organization, team, in public, etc.) how the client feels at different points in the day

Societal Treatment Stereotype Prejudice Discrimination Systemic Oppression & Privilege - a commonly held belief  about specific social groups - a simplified & standardized conception of a group based on assumptions an attitude (usually negative) towards an individual based on the individual’s membership in a social group unfair action toward a person or group based on actual or perceived membership in a certain group or category social, economic, and cultural laws, policies, and practices that mistreat one social group while benefitting the dominant social group Does not require “power over” anyone Requires “power over” a person or group Requires group “power over” another group

Societal treatment of your client population Example (open from website) Fill in hand out as best you can (10 min) Talk in your Multicultural Counseling Group to fill in/ add to your grid Class discussion: Anyone want to share? Anyone having a hard time? Read Assignment Description

Reflecting meaning In class exercise: Hand out Reflecting Meaning: GET TEXTBOOK DFN. Therapist and client identify the client's values and perspectives underlying the client's story. This helps the client see whether his/her/hir beliefs are in conflict in order to figure out what is important to him/her/hir and make changes in his/her/hir life.

reflecting Meaning: Model You feel ______________ about __________________ (emotion) (fact from story) because___________________________. (deeper meaning)

Where Deeper meaning comes from A client’s deeper meaning can be found in… Personal, family, religious, cultural values Sources of shame in the client's past Experiences in society Beliefs about how the client thinks the world works (the client’s “worldview”) Therapists reflect the client's deeper meaning with: "You believe…" "You value…” “In your experience...” "It’s really important to you that…" "In your culture…"

Reflecting meaning: Example You feel hopeless about your boyfriend cheating on you (emotion) (fact from story) because you believe men can’t be trusted. (deeper meaning)

Reflecting meaning: Societal treatment example You feel frustrated about trying to get a job (emotion) (fact from story) because restaurants don’t hire people with accents for (deeper meaning) wait staff positions.

Why is Worldview so important in counseling?

xxx OR???? Critical Consciousness in Social Work Practice Handout Suarez et al. reading; Read collectively Free write: What is one idea that stands out to you? What is something you do not understand? Share in pairs BETTER SOMETHING ON INTERSECTIONALITY

Critical Consciousness 3 questions help people develop critical consciousness: What do we experience in our daily lives?
 What is our oppressive or privileged situation? 
 What is our capacity to influence this situation?


Mental health Discrimination Get into Learning Circles Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgNaqfGTysU&index=3&list=PLZd3QRtSy5LNsu2WRBbU-hRDWH6h9aP2T 5 factors that lead to discrimination in mental health care: Stigma Lack of Cultural Competence Distrust Language Lack of Providers