MCAS Review Earth Science By: Mrs. Edgar, Mrs. Porzio, and Ms. Robarts

Earth’s Systems Interact Landscapes are controlled by inter-actions between Earth’s internal and external heat machines (Homeostasis)

Topographic Maps--Contour Lines

Remember Topographic Maps? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sym UFSwEm3c Click on this link, watch the video from 1:18-2:25 and answer questions 1 and 2. 

Heat Transfer In the Earth Thermal energy always moves from warmer to cooler objects. Heat is the result of molecules vibrating quickly. Heat is moving energy.

Heat Energy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUEPG MnRqGs Watch this video on Heat Energy and answer questions 3 and 4.

Convection Current The movement of a substance that is caused by differences in temperature and density. EXAMPLES: Ocean Currents, Warm equatorial currents flow toward the poles, while polar currents flow towards the equator NATURE LIKES EVERYTHING TO BE EVEN! (Homeostasis)

The Layers of the Earth Answer question # 5

Earth’s Layers The Earth is divided into four main layers. *Inner Core *Outer Core *Mantle *Crust Watch this video and answer questions 6 and 7. http://www.learner. org/interactives/dy namicearth/structur e.html

Plate Tectonics Wegner’s Continental Drift Tectonic Plates move on Earth’s surface, the convection heat beneath them moving them. 90% of the world’s earthquakes and volcanoes occur along the Ring of Fire.

Plate Boundaries Plate Boundary Diagram Description Example DIVERGENT (Constructive plate boundary) Constructive plate boundaries occur when two plates move away from each other . North American and Eurasian Plate CONVERGENT (Where two plates collide, destructive plate boundary) Collision plate boundaries occur when two continental plates move towards each other. Indo-Australian and the Eurasian Plate SUBDUCTION (Type of convergent boundary) Destructive plate boundaries occur when an oceanic plate is forced under (or subducts) a continental plate . North American Plate and the Juan da Fuca Plate TRANSFORM (plates slide past each other) Conservative plate boundaries occur when two plates slide past each other. North American and Pacific Plate

Volcanoes & Earthquakes-- talk about your heat transfer! Watch this video and answer question 9. ://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosm ology-and-astronomy/earth-history- topic/seismic-waves- tutorial/v/seismic-waves

V OLCANOES Watch this video and answer question 10. http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/activity/types-of-volcanic-eruptions/?ar_a=1

Magama Types of Magma: Basaltic- low-silica, low viscosity, runny lava flow (shield volcanoes) Andesitic- moderate to high explosions (composite and cinder cone volcanoes) Granitic- high-silica, viscous, (composite and cinder cone volcanoes)

Earthquakes Click on the link below and follow the directions on question #12. http://environment.nationalgeographic. com/environment/natural- disasters/forces-of-nature/

Igneous (fire-formed) Sedimentary (settled & pressed) TYPES OF ROCKS Igneous (fire-formed) Sedimentary (settled & pressed) Metamorphic (heat & pressure)

ROCK CYCLE

Weathering and Erosion Watch the Breaker and Whoosh Video and answer question 13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvKkPFoRiaw

Glaciers Find out what evidence is left behind that glaciers once covered an area! Click on the link below and answer question 14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AG3luuhc-5Y

ASTRONOMY –Space: The Final Frontier! Rotation—the Earth rotates on it’s axis once every 24 hours. Revolution—Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun in 365 days.

Seasons The angle of the Sun’s rays as they hit the Earth is determined by the relative positions of Sun and Earth

Sun, Earth, and Moon The Moon orbits the Earth The Moon orbit at an angle with respect to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun The Moon doesn’t shine on its own; it reflects sunlight The scale of the Moon and Earth’s sizes and distance

Phases of the Moon The Sun shines on the Moon. When the sunlight reflects off the Moon’s far side, we call it a New Moon When the sunlight reflects off on the Moon’s near side, we call it a Full Moon CHECK IT OUT! Answer question 16

What are Tides? They are the regular rise and fall in sea level on the Earth resulting from the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun on Earth’s waters.

Lunar Eclipses FULL MOON When the Earth’s shadow covers the Moon, we have a lunar eclipse

Solar Eclipses NEW MOON When the Moon’s shadow covers part of the Earth Only happens at New Moon

Solar system, Galaxy, or Universe? Answer question #20 on the MCAS review sheet.

There it is--everything you ever wanted to know about Earth Science