The Heart

Root Words Papill Nipple Papillary muscle Syn Together Synctium Embol Stopper Embolism Hema Blood Hematocrit Stasis Halt hemostasis

The heart=a muscular double pump with 2 functions Overview The right side receives oxygen-poor – sends to lungs to oxygenate Its left side receives oxygenated blood from lung, sends to rest of body

Two circulations Systemic circuit: blood vessels that transport blood to and from all the body tissues Pulmonary circuit: blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs

Heart’s position in thorax

CXR (chest x ray) Normal male

Chest x rays Normal female Lateral (male)

Pericardium -outer membrane enclosing the heart Starting from the outside… Pericardium -outer membrane enclosing the heart Without most of pericardial layers

Layers of the heart wall Epicardium- outer layer, protects the heart by reducing friction Myocardium- consists of cardiac muscle tissue, pumps heart Endocardium- inner lining of the heart, contains blood vessels and elastic fibers

Layers of pericardium and heart wall

Chambers of the heart sides are labeled in reference to the patient facing you Two atria Right atrium Left atrium Two ventricles Right ventricle Left ventricle --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Septum Interatrial Septum- Wall separating right and left Atria Interventricular Septum- Wall separating right left ventricle

Function of AV valves

Superior Vena Cava Vein that carries deoxygenated blood from upper body to the Right Atrium. Such as arms, neck, and head.

Inferior Vena Cava Vein that carries deoxygenated blood from lower body to the Right Atrium. Such as legs and lower torso

Pulmonary Artery Carries blood from Right Ventricle to the lungs to be oxygenated Splits into Right and Left for each lung.

Pulmonary Veins Total of 4 Pulmonary Veins (2 from each lung) Carries oxygenated blood from lungs back into the heart’s Left Atrium

Aorta Arched artery from Left Ventricle that supplies body with oxygenated blood Ascending arteries supply upper body Descending supplies lower body

Valves Pulmonary Valve Connects Right Ventricle to Pulmonary artery

Valves Aortic Valve Connects Left Ventricle to Aorta

Valves Tricuspid Valve Boundary between right Ventricle and atrium

Valves Mitral Valve Connects Left Ventricle and Atrium

more on valves

12 lead EKG

Artificial Pacemaker

Embryological development during week 4 (helps to understand heart defects) (day 23) (day 28) (day 24) Day 22, (b) in diagram, heart starts pumping

Simplified flow: print and fill in details

another flow chart