Force Review and Universal Law of Gravitation

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Presentation transcript:

Force Review and Universal Law of Gravitation

4.1 The Concepts of Force and Mass A force is a push or a pull. Contact forces arise from physical contact . Field forces do not require contact and include gravity and electrical forces.

4.1 The Concepts of Force and Mass Arrows are used to represent forces. The length of the arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the force. 15 N 5 N

4.1 The Concepts of Force and Mass Mass is a measure of the amount of “stuff” contained in an object.

4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion SI Unit for Force This combination of units is called a newton (N).

4.7 The Gravitational Force Definition of Weight The weight of an object on or above the earth is the gravitational force that the earth exerts on the object. The weight always acts downwards, toward the center of the earth. On or above another astronomical body, the weight is the gravitational force exerted on the object by that body. SI Unit of Weight: newton (N)

Definition of the Normal Force The normal force is one component of the force that a surface exerts on an object with which it is in contact – namely, the component that is perpendicular to the surface.

4.6 Types of Forces: An Overview In nature there are two general types of forces, fundamental and nonfundamental. Fundamental Forces 1. Strong Nuclear force 2. Electromagnetic force 3. Weak Nuclear Force 4. Gravitational force

4.6 Types of Forces: An Overview Examples of nonfundamental forces: friction tension in a rope normal or support forces

4.7 The Gravitational Force Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation Every particle in the universe exerts an attractive force on every other particle. A particle is a piece of matter, small enough in size to be regarded as a mathematical point. The force that each exerts on the other is directed along the line joining the particles.

4.7 The Gravitational Force For two particles that have masses m1 and m2 and are separated by a distance r, the force has a magnitude given by

4.7 The Gravitational Force

4.7 The Gravitational Force

4.7 The Gravitational Force Relation Between Mass and Weight

4.7 The Gravitational Force On the earth’s surface: