Theories of health belief Health Belief Model Becker 2. Locus of Control Rotter 3. Self efficacy Bandura & Adams Features of adherence to medical regimes Reasons for non adherence Bulpit 2. Measuring non adherence Lustman 3. Improving adherence – Watt Methods of health Promotion Media Campaigns Cowpe Fear arousal Janis & Feshbeck 3. Legislation Dannenberg Health Booklet E – Healthy Living

Theories of health belief Health Belief Model Becker Locus of Control Rotter Self efficacy Bandura & Adams

Key Terms Bingo Health Belief Model Internal Locus of Control External Locus of Control Correlation Socio demographic variables Asthma Review Self efficacy Vicarious experiences Verbal persuasion Cognitive appraisal Systematic desensitisation

Health Belief Model - Becker Sociodemographic variables Benefits vs. costs Healthy Behaviour Perceived seriousness Perceived threat Cues to Action Perceived susceptibility

Becker Study Method Aim – use HBM to explain mothers adherence to drug regime for asthmatic children Pts – 111 mothers (17-54 yrs) responsible for giving asthma medication to children (9 months – 17 yrs) Method – correlation between beliefs reported during interviews and compliance with self reported administration of medicine (confirmed with blood tests for some pts)

Becker Study Results + correlation belief about susceptibility to asthma attack and adherence to medicine + correlation perception of seriousness of asthma and adherence to medicine - correlation between costs of adherence and adherence increased compliance – married mothers and higher level of education Conclusion – HBM is a useful model to predict compliance with taking medication

Locus of Control - Rotter Locus Latin for place Where a person thinks the control of his or her health lies influences whether they adopt a health behaviour Internal Lof C – they control their own health External L of C – health is seen as being in someone else’s hands

Rotter Study Method review article Sample 6 pieces of research into individual perceptions of ability to control outcome Findings – Pts who felt they had control over the situation were more likely to show behaviours that would enable them to cope with potential threats

Rotter - Conclusions L of C can be useful in predicting whether people will adopt health behaviours Those with internal L of C are more likely to adopt health behaviours Backed up by James et al male smokers who gave up and did not relapse had higher L of C (not true for women where factors such as weight gain were influential)

Self Efficacy – Bandura & Adams Self efficacy – how successful a person thinks they will be in adopting a health behaviour Outcome expectancy / efficacy expectation Vicarious experiences Verbal persuasion Emotional arousal

Bandura study Aim – to assess the self efficacy of patients undergoing systematic desensitisation for snake phobia Method – RMD Pre test assessment – avoidance bhr, fear (1-10) and efficacy expectations Systematic desensitisation Post test assessment

Bandura results Higher levels of post test self efficacy were correlated with higher levels of interacting with snakes SD enhanced self efficacy which in turn led to a belief that the person was able to cope with the snake