Israeli-Palestine Conflict Post-WWII US Global Studies 10

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN WWI CONTROLLED THE AREAS OF IRAQ, SYRIA, JORDAN, LEBANON, AND PALESTINE AFTER LOSING WWI, OTTOMANS HAD TO GIVE UP THESE AREAS THE FIVE AREAS WERE MADE INTO MANDATES TO BE RULED OVER BY BRITAIN AND FRANCE UNTIL THEY ARE GIVEN INDEPENDENCE

ONLY PALESTINE REMAINED UNDER BRITISH CONTROL IN 1947 PALESTINE’S INDEPENDENCE WAS DIFFICULT BECAUSE IT HAD BOTH A LARGE ARAB (2/3) AND A JEWISH (1/3) POPULATION ZIONISM - A MOVEMENT THAT WAS STARTED IN LATE 1800’S TO CREATE A JEWISH STATE IN PALESTINE DURING HITLER’S GERMANY, JEWS IMMIGRATED FROM EUROPE TO PALESTINE FOR PROTECTION AFTER WWII, THERE WAS A LOT MORE SUPPORT FOR A JEWISH STATE INCLUDING U.S. AND BRITAIN

THE IMMIGRATION OF JEWS INTO PALESTINE ARABS RESENTED THE IMMIGRATION OF JEWS INTO PALESTINE THE ZIONIST TALK OF CREATING A JEWISH STATE CIVIL WAR BREAKS OUT BETWEEN ARABS AND JEWS IN PALESTINE BRITAIN TURNS PALESTINE OVER TO THE NEWLY CREATED UNITED NATIONS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM THE U.N.’S PLAN CALLED FOR PARTITION OF PALESTINE INTO TWO STATES- ONE ARAB & ONE JEWISH

BRITISH TROOPS LEAVE PALESTINE MAY 1948 ISRAEL BECOMES A NATION IN MAY 1948

1948 Israel’s neighbors immediately attack Syrian Lebanese Army Syrian Army Territory in Palestine held by Israelis at the beginning of the Arab invasion Territory in Palestine held by the Arabs at the beginning of the invasion Saudi Army 1948 Jordanian Army Egyptian Army

1948 War Results The Arab war to destroy Israel failed. Indeed, because of their aggression, the Arabs wound up with less territory than they would have had if they had accepted partition. Israeli control of Palestine Jordan took control of Palestine’s West Bank Egypt took control of Palestine’s Gaza Strip

A. B. C. A. B. C.

ARRANGED AN ARMISTICE (TRUCE) AND THE FIGHTING ENDED AFTER TWO MONTHS, THE U.N. ARRANGED AN ARMISTICE (TRUCE) AND THE FIGHTING ENDED HOWEVER, THE ARAB NATIONS VOWED TO DEFEAT ISRAEL AND RETURN ALL PALESTINE TO ARAB CONTROL

TWO MORE WARS WILL BE FOUGHT BETWEEN ISRAEL AND THE ARAB NATIONS SIX DAY WAR IN 1967 YOM KIPPUR WAR IN 1972

SIX DAY WAR 1967 ISRAEL ATTACKED BY EGYPT, JORDAN, AND SYRIA RESULTS: ISRAEL TAKES SINAI DESERT FROM EGYPT & THE WEST BANK FROM JORDAN

YOM KIPPUR WAR 1972 OPEC oil embargo EGYPT ATTACKED ACROSS THE SUEZ CANAL INTO THE SINAI DESERT. ISRAEL PUNCHED THROUGH EGYPTIAN LINES AND TOOK CONTROL OF THE WEST SIDE OF THE SUEZ, TRAPPING THE EGYPTIAN ARMY ON THE EAST BANK SYRIA ATTACKED FROM THE GOLAN HEIGHTS ISRAEL’S COUNTER ATTACK TOOK CONTROL OF SYRIA’S GOLAN HEIGHTS OPEC oil embargo

PRESIDENT CARTER IVITED THE LEADERS OF EGYPT AND ISRAEL TO CAMP DAVID AND GOT THEM TO WORK OUT A PEACE TREATY- THE CAMP DAVID ACCORD ISRAEL RETURNED THE SINAI PENINSULA TO EGYPT EGYPT IN RETURN RECOGNIZED ISRAEL’S RIGHT TO EXIST AND A PROMISE NOT TO ATTACK

ISRAEL GIVES THE SINAI BACK TO EGYPT IN 1982

ISRAEL TODAY IT STILL CONTROLS SYRIA’S GOLAN HEIGHTS IT ALSO CONTROLS ALL OF PALESTINE INCLUDING THE GAZA STRIP AND THE WEST BANK ISRAEL AND THE PALESTINIANS ARE NEGOTIATING THE FORMATION OF A PALESTINIAN STATE CREATED OUT OF GAZA AND THE WEST BANK

Beginning in the late 19th Century, many Jewish people immigrated to Palestine in the hope of eventually establishing a Jewish state. In 1948, Israel became an independent country. In the following years, Arab and Israeli armies fought several wars. A major reason for these conflicts was that Arab countries a. feared Israeli urbanization would ruin their agriculture. b. believed Israel was created on lands belonging to Palestinians. c. believed that Israel supported the Soviet Union in the Cold War. d. were angered by the refusal of Israel to enter into trade agreements.

Following World War I, Great Britain was given a mandate (order) by the League of Nations to govern Palestine. Jewish immigration to Palestine greatly increased during the 1930s and 1940s. Violence erupted between Palestinian Arabs and Jewish people. Unable to resolve the conflict, Britain turned the problem over to the United Nations. The maps on the previous page show changes to this region as a result of the U.N. Partition Plan of 1947. According to the maps on the previous page, how did the U.N. Partition Plan propose to prevent further violence between Palestinian Arabs and Jewish people? a. The region’s physical features were used to separate the Jewish people from the Palestinian Arabs. b. An economic union was created that made the Jewish people and the Palestinian Arabs dependent on each other. c. Two political regions were created in order to divide the control of Palestine between the Jewish people and the Palestinian Arabs. d. Palestine was placed under the jurisdiction of the United Nations, and its boundaries were redrawn to include Jewish people and Palestinian Arabs.