The Spanish Colonial Era 1500 - 1700

Why is history divided into eras??? So it is easier to identify cause & effect of the great events and great people in history!

Jose de Escandon Father Hidalgo 1. Led Spain’s expansion into South TX 2. He was the military commander & Governor of the area that is today Laredo. 3. He sent settlers to the land between the Rio Grande and the Nueces River. 4. He moved LaBahia mission to Goliad. Father Hidalgo A priest at mission San Fransico de los Tejas, who cause Spanish to be suspicious of the French. In 1810 gave a famous speech encouraging independence.

Fray Damián Massanet Convinced the viceroy of New Spain to colonize East Texas and convert the Caddoes to Catholicism 1690 – Alonso De León and Massanet were sent with several priest, and about 100 soldiers to colonize East Texas. Resulted in many missions in East Texas even though they were failures

Antonio Margil de Jesús (early 1700s) Spanish Franciscan priest Founded several missions in East Texas including Nuestra Señora de los Dolores and San Miguel de los Adaes Due to the problems in East Texas, he moved to San Antonio and founded San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo, one of the five missions in San Antonio today

They were very suspicious of them Did the indians trust the strangers NO! They were very suspicious of them And their motives! Did the indians trust the strangers building the missions???

Vocabulary Mission – a settlement founded to spread Christianity to the people of the area. Colonization – claim for and control by a distant nation. Civil Settlements – a village made up of people who were neither priests nor soldiers.

More Geography! The environment influences the success of a settlement Physical and geographic features also influenced where presidios were built. What was the greatest factor??? Rivers (water source)

You will only find indians at a mission, NOT a fort! Mission vs. Fort or Town Missions were set up by the Spanish to covert indians to christianity Towns sometime grew around a mission – sometimes not…. 1682 Spainards establish the 1st Texas mission at Corpus Cristi. When looking at a picture, how do you tell the difference in a mission or a fort? You will only find indians at a mission, NOT a fort!

The Spanish built missions in Texas to teach Native Americans about the Roman Catholic Church and the culture of the Spanish. The missions were protected from attacks by having a presidio built next to the mission. A presidio was a fort housing Spanish soldiers to guard the mission.

A villa was located between a mission and a presidio A villa was located between a mission and a presidio. A villa was a small town around the mission and presidio that provided goods and services to both. A new culture was born with the missions. The new culture was a mix of Spaniards and Native Americans. Much of the Spanish culture still exists in Texas today.

Missions Church Rooms for religious classes Storage buildings Housing for the missionaries and some of the Native Texans

Daily Life in a Mission Prayer classes, and training in religion Chores Training in trade Crops / sheep, goats, and cattle Learned about government

Problems with the Mission System Disease Indian rejection of mission life Indians used the missions as protection against Presidios – soldiers were not paid well / soldiers had to buy their own supplies at very high prices / soldiers and friars disagreed about how to treat Native Americans

Legacy of the Missions Ranching industry Cowboy (vaquero) Bronco / lasso Names – every river in Texas (except the Red River) has a Spanish name or a name that was derived from the original Spanish

What event happened in 1685 that caused the Spaniards to speed up the building of the missions? Robert Cavelier, Sieur de LaSalle established Fort St. Louis at Matagorda Bay, and thus formed the basis for France's claim to Texas.

The “Camino Real” or “Royal Highway” was the major supply route from Mexico into Texas and made the missions in San Antonio the largest settlement in Spanish Texas.

More Vocab…… Missionary – one who is sent to do religious or charitable work in a territory or foreign country. Vaquero – Spanish word for cowboy Presidio – fort

 Amarillo – In Spanish it means yellow. This was the color of the soil of the area and the beautiful wildflowers. Name by early settlers in this area.  Rio Grande – In Spanish it means “Big River”  Vaquero – Spanish word for cowboy  Rodeo – A sport that is based on the skills of cowboys or vaqueros

 Home – Hacienda  Presidio – Fort  Aceqias – wells (aquifer)  Adobe – brick  Arch – Style of architecture  Tortillas – Flat bread made of corn  Tamales – Dumpling made of corn flour and meat  Corridos – ballad  Frescos – Mural painting found in Catholic churches  Tejano Music – Music that originated from the cultural convergence of Spanish, German, Czech, and Polish music and instruments

Dog Run – or dog trot style houses/log cabins were built like two separate houses with a covered porch area in between. They were built this way for air circulation.

1718 – San Antonio was founded San Antonio de Valero Many names of TX cities reflect the Spanish language.