Dec. 8, 2017 You need: Clean paper (2) / Pencil State of Matter notes Progress report and/or make up work to turn in Warm Up: List two weather questions that you have always wondered about.

Any of your work!! Name Date Period Title Name Date Period 1. No.

S L G States of Matter olid iquid as ADD heat Melting ADD heat Subtract heat Freezing (crystals) Subtract heat Condensation S L G olid iquid as Most kids KNOW the info, but haven’t put in the vocabulary – and some just totally flub the idea of SUBTRACTING heat…they want to “add cold” which leads to a great discussion about heat energy (not cold energy). Cold is a descriptive word that describes the absence of heat energy. I make the kids draw this chart out multiple times. ADD heat Melting ADD heat Evaporation

Demo – hand-warmer Explain the hand-warmer demo Ms.Garris showed.

Gas Shape? Movement? How do we know it’s there? Does gravity affect it?

Gas Atmosphere…air Blanket of air wrapped around the earth. Made of…

How long will the candle burn? 21% Oxygen in all Jars – but that equals a smaller amount of oxygen in a small jar Largest Jar = ____ sec Medium Jar = ____ sec Small Jar = ____ sec

Question: How long will a candle burn? Why did it burn? Candle demo Dec. 7, 2017 Question: How long will a candle burn? Why did it burn? Why did it stop? Hypothesis: (What do you think will happen?) Data: (Make a chart to record your burn times) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average Large Jar Medium Jar Small Jar Conclusion: (Was your hypothesis correct? Why or why not?)

Finish your lab! What was your hypothesis? Were you correct? Why or why not? What caused the candle to burn – and what would change the amount of time it burns?

Mixture of Gases in Air All Other Gases Argon = 0.93% Carbon Dioxide = 0.04%

How long will the candle burn? 21% Oxygen in all Jars – but that equals a smaller amount of oxygen in a small jar 1) Largest Jar = ____ sec Medium Jar = ____ sec Small Jar = ____ sec 2) Largest Jar = ____ sec Medium Jar = ____ sec Small Jar = ____ sec

Mixture of Gases in Air All Other Gases Argon = 0.93% Carbon Dioxide = 0.04%

Exploring Air with Syringes Today, you will investigate air with syringes and tubing – work on your own or with your group. In your science notebook, copy and answer the following questions: 1) What happens to the air in the syringe when you push/pull on the plunger? 2) What can air do? 3) Record 3 observations & 1 question. *SAFETY – Be careful with the materials! Do not point either end of the syringe at another student. We stopped here

NITROGEN A major part of proteins, including DNA Dilutes (thins out) the oxygen – too much or too little oxygen and we would die! Turned into useful form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria

OXYGEN Necessary to survive! Our cells use oxygen to create energy All of the oxygen in our atmosphere has been created by plants – photosynthesis! Burning requires oxygen

CARBON DIOXIDE Used by plants for photosynthesis A greenhouse gas – carbon dioxide helps keep our planet warm Increases in CO2 have been making the planet warmer: global warming!

TRACE GASES OZONE helps filter out the sun’s harmful rays ARGON is used in light bulbs because it will not catch fire even in extreme heat WATER VAPOR can condense to form clouds HELIUM inflates balloons and blimps

WRITING IN SCIENCE Write a paragraph that summarizes in your own words how oxygen from the atmosphere is important. Include its importance to living things and in other processes.

Why is the atmosphere important? Has oxygen that living things need to survive. Traps energy from the sun keeping earth warm Protects living things from dangerous radiation from the sun.

Exploring Air with Syringes Based on the investigation: What can air do? A few words you need to know… Compress – means to squeeze into a smaller space Density – the amount of mass (stuff) in a certain amount of space (volume) Air Pressure – the force of air pushing on stuff Barometer – a tool that measures air pressure COMPRESS

Air Pressure in a Syringe Which syringe has the air under greater pressure? Low Pressure High Pressure

Air Pressure in a Balloon Is the density of air molecules in a balloon greater than or less than the surrounding air? Higher Pressure & Density Lower Pressure & Density

Air Pressure at Different Altitudes Is air pressure greater at sea level or on top of a mountain? Less Pressure & Density Mountains (High altitude) More Pressure & Density Sea Level (Low altitude)

Making a foldable: Layers of the Atmosphere On the inside, include notes about each layer: 1) How thick is this layer? 2) What’s in the air here? 3) What is the temperature? 4) What happens here? *Use the textbooks (pg. 56-61) and the green “Weather & Water” books (pg. 9-11) to find the answers. *Decorate the outside with pictures of what happens in each layer. Layers of the Atmosphere 400 km Thermosphere 80 km Mesosphere 50 km Stratosphere 12 km Troposphere 0 km

TROPOSPHERE Thinnest Layer (0-12 km) Average Temperature of 25°C (Temperature drops as you go higher) All of Earth’s weather happens here. Air here contains water & dust. Most of the atmosphere’s air is here (this layer is very dense).

STRATOSPHERE 10-50 km above earth’s surface There is almost no water or dust in this layer. Contains the OZONE LAYER (which absorbs UV radiation from the sun) Very cold, until the top of the layer, where it warms to 0°C.

MESOSPHERE 50-80 km above Earth’s surface. Temperature plunges to -90°C (the coldest in the atmosphere) Meteors burn up here while entering the atmosphere.

THERMOSPHERE Thickest layer (80-400 km above Earth’s surface). Air is extremely thin. Atmospheric gases fade into outer space. Temperature can spike to 1,800°C.