Volume 3, Issue 5, Pages 846-860 (November 2017) High-Level Supercapacitive Performance of Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide  Plawan Kumar Jha, Santosh Kumar Singh, Vikash Kumar, Shammi Rana, Sreekumar Kurungot, Nirmalya Ballav  Chem  Volume 3, Issue 5, Pages 846-860 (November 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.011 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Chem 2017 3, 846-860DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.011) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Electrochemical Characteristics of rGO (A) Lighting of a white-light-emitting diode by the rGO supercapacitor. Shown is a schematic presentation of EDLC formation in an all-solid-state rGO supercapacitor. (B) CV plots of rGO at different scan rates from 0.1 to 1 V/s show the rectangular shape feature even at a high scan rate (1 V/s). (C) CD plots of rGO at different current densities show the triangular shape. (D) Nyquist plot of rGO. Inset: zoomed-in graph of the high-frequency region. (E) Bode phase plot of rGO shows the fast charge-discharge rate (∼188 ms). Chem 2017 3, 846-860DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.011) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Supercapacitor Performance of rGO (A) Plot of current density versus specific capacitance (CA and CG) of rGO. (B) Specific capacitance (at 10 mV/s) versus different active mass loading of rGO. (C) Ragone plot of rGO. (D) Durability performance of the rGO supercapacitor over 100,000 CD cycles at a current density of 22 A/g. Chem 2017 3, 846-860DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.011) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Flexible rGO Supercapacitor (A) Photograph and schematic presentation of an all-solid-state flexible rGO supercapacitor. (B) CV plots at two different bending angles (0° and 180°). (C) Performance of the rGO flexible supercapacitor over 500 bending cycles at a scan rate of 50 mV/s. Chem 2017 3, 846-860DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.011) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Spectroscopic and Microscopic Characterizations of GO and rGO (A) C1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data of GO. (B) C1s XPS data of rGO. (C) Raman spectra of Gr, GO, and rGO. (D) Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of Gr, GO, and rGO. (E) N2 adsorption (filled circle) and desorption (open circle) profile of rGO at 77 K. Inset: pore diameter (∼4.4 nm) of rGO. (F) Current-voltage (I–V) characteristic of rGO. (G) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) image of GO clearly shows the single-layer (∼0.9 nm) sheets. Scale bar, 1 μm. (H) Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image of rGO reveals crumbled morphology. Scale bar, 500 nm. (I) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of rGO. Scale bar, 300 nm. Chem 2017 3, 846-860DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.011) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Recyclability and Defect-Healing Aspects (A) Reduction of GO to rGO. (B) Recycling of the reducing agent for the subsequent reduction feeds of GO. (C) Proposed defect-healing mechanism of rGO (red dashed circles). (D) ID/IG ratios of rGO1, rGO, rGO2, and rGO3 support the defect-healing mechanism (respective Raman spectra are presented in Figures S18A–S18D). Chem 2017 3, 846-860DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.011) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Supercapacitor Performance of rGO in Organic Electrolyte (A) CV of rGO at different scan rates (0.1–1 V/s). (B) CD of rGO at different current densities (2–20 mA/cm2). (C) Plot of current density versus specific capacitance of rGO. (D) Ragone plot of rGO. Chem 2017 3, 846-860DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.011) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions