Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 464-472 (February 2007) Acute Urodynamic Effects of Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation on Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity in Patients with MS  Morten V. Fjorback, Farida S. van Rey, Floor van der Pal, Nico J.M. Rijkhoff, Thor Petersen, John P. Heesakkers  European Urology  Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 464-472 (February 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.024 Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Method of connecting portable device, stimulator, transducers, and catheters to a male subject. Electrodes were placed in a similar fashion on the contralateral leg. European Urology 2007 51, 464-472DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.024) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Detrusor pressure and estimated bladder volume in patient 1. The detrusor pressure and estimated bladder volume are shown at each point in time. During the control session (without stimulation), a detrusor contraction occurred that resulted in leakage (A). Bilateral stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve with either needle (B) or surface (C) electrodes was unable to suppress a detrusor contraction, and leakage occurred during contraction. The amplitude and shape of the time/pressure curve were similar in all three fillings, but each successive filling resulted in increased volume at first contraction. European Urology 2007 51, 464-472DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.024) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Detrusor pressure as a function of time from the second filling in which stimulation was applied with needle electrodes in eight patients. The arrows indicate the onset of leakage, and the bars beneath each tracing indicate that stimulation was applied. European Urology 2007 51, 464-472DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.024) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Data from the first and second filling in patients 3, 5, and 7. The arrows indicate the onset of leakage, and the bars beneath each tracing indicate that stimulation was applied. European Urology 2007 51, 464-472DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.024) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions