Bacteria 2 Kingdoms- EUBACTERIA & ARCHAEBACTERIA PROKARYOTES (very small) UNICELLULAR Eubacteria classified by their shape Archaebacteria classified by the habitat

Bacteria CONT. Most reproduce by BINARY FISSION (asexual) Some reproduce by CONJUGATION (sexual) Autotrophs – chemoautotrophs, photoautotrophs Heterotrophs- decomposers, fermentation Some bacteria have flagella/flagellum for movement Some have pili to help the bacteria attach An endospore protects some bacteria from its environment CELL WALL Archaebacteria cell wall composition varies Eubacteria cell wall made of peptidoglycan

Importance of Bacteria Fix Nitrogen Allow for nutrient recycling/eat oil Used in FOOD production Cheese, pickles, yogurt, etc. Can be used to produce HORMONES ANTIBIOTICS Produce OXYGEN=Cyanobacteria like Abena are photosynthetic autotrophs

Bacteria & Disease Tuberculosis Bubonic Plague Tetanus Lyme Disease Pneumonia Some STD’s Botulism Strep throat Salmonella M. tuberculosis C. tetani T. pallidum C. botulinum E. coli Streplococcus Staphylococcus Abena

Gram+ Streptococcus Causes Tooth Decay Gram- E. coli

3 Bacterial Shapes Coccus=spherical shape Bacillus=rod shape Diplo= bacteria arranged in pairs Staphylo= bacteria looks like grapes Strepto= bacteria in chains Spirillum=sprial shape

KINGDOM PROTISTA

3 Groups Animal-like Prostists Plant-like Protists Called PROTOZOANS classified by how they move. Heterotrophs Plant-like Protists Called ALGAE classified by their photosynthetic pigments. Autotrophs Fungus-like Protists Classified by their reproduction heterotrophs/decomposers

METHODS OF MOVEMENT for Protozoa (Animal Like Protists) Flagella long, whiplike structure Cilia short hairlike structures Pseudopods False feet Flowing extensions of cell body

METHODS OF REPRODUCTION Mitosis (Asexual) Simple division into two identical cells (binary fission) Meiosis (Sexual) Nucleus divides by meiosis then two paramecia exchange nuclear material (conjugation)

DISEASES CAUSED BY PROTISTS Malaria is caused by Plasmodium Potato Famine caused by water mold Examples * Ameoba, algae, water molds

FUNGI

General Characteristics Eukaryotic Most multicellular Heterotrophic decomposers Classified by how they reproduce Create spores (asexual and sexual stages) Budding and Fragmentation (asexual)

Structures/Adaptations Hyphae Rhizoids Mycelium Cap Cell wall of chitin

morels yeast

Ringworm Athlete’s foot toadstools puffballs mushrooms

Plantae KINGDOM

General Characteristics Multicellular & Eukaryotic Reproduce by spores (Alt. of Generations) some by seeds Chlorophyll Autotrophic (Photosynthesis) Thick CELL WALL made of CELLULOSE

Structures/Adaptations Roots=anchor plant Seeds= plant embryo Leaves= increase surface area for photosynthesis Vascular tissues = contain xylem & phloem to transport water and nutrients Flowers= attract insects for pollination Contain stamens (male) & pistil (female)

Classification of Plants Based on their reproduction & their presents of vascular tissues Three Main Groups NonVascular NonSeed Vascular NonSeed Vascular Seed

Animalia

General Characteristics Multicellular & Eukaryotic Classified as Invertebrates (no backbone) or Vertebrates (with a backbone) Heterotrophic Carnivores, Omnivores, Herbivores, Scavengers, Filter Feeders

Animals Continued Most reproduce sexually Internal (cats) or external fertilization (fish) Some are hermaphrodites (worms) Some have asexual means of reproduction Budding Fragmenation Regenergation Parthenogenesis

Adaptations/Structures Some use metaphorphosis Fur Feathers Opposable thumbs Teeth Venom Stingers Exoskeleton Scales Gills