Unit 2: Metabolic Processes Anaerobic Respiration

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 2: Metabolic Processes Anaerobic Respiration SBI4U – Ms. Richardson

Anaerobic Respiration Some organisms live in anaerobic conditions Sulfate, nitrate or carbon dioxide must be used instead as final electron acceptor Eg: E. coli NO3-(aq) + 2e- + 2H+  NO2-(aq) + H2O(l)

Fermentation When oxygen is lacking, cells rely on glycolysis for energy NADH needs a way to be recycled Fermentation - process where H atoms from NADH are transferred to organic compounds other than an electron transport chain Two types: Ethanol fermentation Lactate fermentation

Ethanol Fermentation Facultative anaerobes – can function both aerobically and anaerobically (eg. yeast and some bacteria) During ethanol fermentation, a CO2 molecule is removed from pyruvate This forms acetaldehyde, the electron acceptor

Ethanol Fermentation - Applications Bread Leavened by mixing live yeast cells with starches (flour) and water Yeast cells ferment the glucose from starch and release CO2 and ethanol Ethanol evaporates during baking

Ethanol Fermentation - Applications Alcoholic beverages Yeast cells ferment sugars from fruit juices (wine) Yeast cells die when ethanol concentration reaches ~12% Gasoline Fermentation of carbohydrate products for production of ethanol that is added to gasoline

Lactate Fermentation Occurs during strenuous exercise when respiration occurs faster than oxygen can be supplied Pyruvate is electron acceptor and is reduced to lactate (lactic acid) Causes stiffness in muscles and fatigue Lactate is transported through blood from muscles to liver When oxygen levels resume, lactate is oxidized back to pyruvate

Lactate Fermentation Occurs during strenuous exercise when respiration occurs faster than oxygen can be supplied Pyruvate is electron acceptor and is reduced to lactate (lactic acid) Causes stiffness in muscles and fatigue Lactate is transported through blood from muscles to liver When oxygen levels resume, lactate is oxidized back to pyruvate The amount of oxygen needed to remove all lactate is known as the oxygen debt