Objectives Recognize the six steps involved in the engineering design process. Evaluate a protocol to determine if the engineering design process was successfully applied. Distinguish between the intended benefits and the unintended consequences of a new technology. Identify whether a new technology is assistive or adaptive.

What is Technology? Technology refers to the products and processes that are designed to serve our needs. Technology also refers to the processes and methods for creating these products. Technology applies to anything is developed to meet a need.

What is Engineering? Engineering is the process of creating technology. Scientists, inventors, business owners, artists, and even students have also engineered new technologies. Anyone can follow the engineering design process to solve a problem or address a need.

How Does Science Relate to Technology? Engineering uses scientific knowledge to develop technologies. Engineers use science and mathematics to create new technologies that serve our needs. There are many different types of engineers who develop a variety of different products.

What is the Engineering Design Process? The Scientific Method The Engineering Design Process State your question Define the problem Do background research Formulate your hypothesis, identify variables Specify requirements Design experiment, establish procedure Create alternative solutions, choose the best one and develop it Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment Build a prototype Analyze your results and draw conclusions Test and redesign as necessary Communicate results The engineering design process has similarities to the scientific process. Like the scientific process, some steps may require repeating or modifying to fit different needs.

Step #1: Identify/Research Problem Define and describe a problem or need. Background research provides additional information about the problem and possible solutions.

Step #2: Develop Possible Solutions Brainstorm possible solutions to the problem. Pick the best idea to test using the engineering design process.

Step #3: Create prototype: A prototype is a test model of the product. Prototypes allow engineers to see if their design works the way they expect it to.

Step #4: Test/Evaluate Prototype Prototypes are tested under various conditions and evaluated. Engineers complete a cost- benefit analysis to make sure that the cost of designing and producing the new product is worth its benefit.

Step #5: Improve Design If a prototype was not successful or did not work well, engineers will either modify their prototype or try a new solution. This step may take years.

Step #6: Share Ideas Engineers explain and promote the new technology They may communicate with the public through news releases, advertisements, or scientific journals.

Technology and Society Technology provides solutions for many types of social, political, and economic needs. Intended Benefit: the positive purpose for which a technology is designed to be used. Unintended Consequences: uses or results that engineers do not purposely include in the design of products. However, an unintended consequence can be beneficial.

Intended Benefits vs. Unintended Consequences On your whiteboards, come up with two possible intended benefits and two possible unintended consequences for the following three modern technologies. REMEMBER, unintended consequences are not always negative.

What are the intended benefits vs What are the intended benefits vs. unintended consequences of the cell phone?

Cell Phone Intended Benefits: Convenient communication Wireless Unintended Consequences: Texting while driving Noise pollution More waste in landfills New jobs created

What are the intended benefits vs What are the intended benefits vs. unintended consequences of genetically modified organisms?

Genetically Modified Organisms Intended Benefits: Higher yield crops Resistant to pesticides Cheaper to produce Unintended Consequences: Environmental problems Decreased nutritional value Could expose people to new allergens

What are the intended benefits vs What are the intended benefits vs. unintended consequences of a nuclear power plant?

Nuclear Power Plant Intended Benefits: Cheaper electricity Less greenhouse gas emissions Preserves fossil fuels Unintended Consequences: Possible accidents (melt down) Radioactive waste Heating ocean water (threatens ecosystem)

Bioengineering The application of engineering to living things, such as humans and plants, is called bioengineering. Bioengineered technologies can be classified as either assistive or adaptive. Assistive technologies are developed to help organisms without changing them. Adaptive technologies change the living organism.

Assistive Bioengineering Technology that is developed to help organisms, but DOES NOT change them. ASSIST = HELP Examples: Eyeglasses Wheelchairs Antibiotics

Adaptive Bioengineering Technology developed to help living organisms and DOES change them. ADAPT = CHANGE Examples: Lasik Eye Surgery Knee replacement New strains of crop in agriculture