Achala Dahal/Tara Prasad Kharel Integrity and Ethics Professional Course on Management and Development Achala Dahal/Tara Prasad Kharel

Presentation outline Concept and foundation of integrity and ethics, Public sector integrity and ethics Factors affecting integrity and ethical behaviour Integrity leader/builder Action plan

A thought……. 12/5/2018

Public officials are expected to make decisions and act solely in the public interest - not allowing decisions or actions to be influenced by personal or private interests. Public institutions have to deliver public service efficiently and effectively to build public trust.

Using powers responsibly, for the purpose and in the manner for which they are intended. Acting with honesty and transparency, making reasoned decisions without bias by following fair and objective processes. Preventing and addressing improper conduct, disclosing facts without hiding or distorting them.

Building trust through the provision of services that are of high quality. Responsiveness, accountability, honesty, loyalty and fairness are vital to gain public trust.

Lets find out what integrity is ?

Integrity The word "integrity" stems from the Latin adjective ‘integer’ means whole, complete. … is the inner sense of "wholeness" deriving from qualities such as honesty and consistency of character. … is a concept of ‘consistency’ of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes. … is knowing right things to do and doing the right things. … is being true to oneself, i.e. acting according to own-self.

Let us define integrity Work in group Present your thoughts in picture/ diagram/symbol to explain what does integrity mean to you as an individual and at your workspace. Each group have 10 minutes to prepare and 5 minutes to present.

Public sector ethics and integrity Public ethics refers to the collection of values and norms, moral standards or principles that form the foundation of integrity. Civil servant integrity Commitment to work Competency and ethical character Transparency, trust and trustworthiness Public or organisation integrity is that set of characteristics that justify trustworthiness and generate trust among stakeholders. (Integrity Action, 2016).

Public sector ethics and integrity: critical aspects Publicness in public service Capacity of public sector Healthy governance Effective prevention Sharp detection Robust prosecution and recovery Culture of integrity in public service Motivated primarily by money or professional fulfilment Sense of ownership: attachment, team sprit, proudness, …

Integrity Integrity is the alignment of four factors: Accountability Competence Ethical Behaviour Corruption

Let’s work on factors… Work in group one factor for one group Each group have ten minutes for discussion and five minutes for presentation in the plenary

Accountability Competence Ethical behaviour Transparency Access to information Consistency Social responsibility Clarity Open to stakeholders Professionalism Quality Effectiveness Reliability Responsiveness Stewardship Trustworthy Fairness Honesty Lawfulness Anti-corruption Social justice Respecting rights Confidentiality Without corruption ( Bribes, Patronage, Greed, Theft, Plagiarism, Exploitation, Manipulation) (with corruption control) - Integrity Action

National Integrity System Foundations: Politics, Society, Economy, and Culture The Nepali politics is service to the nation and the people. The values of Nepali society also aim at purity in character of public officials in their public life.

Cont … Nepali values of the economy particularly land, labour, capital, enterprise emphasizes fairness and stands against cheating. The culture of Nepal has been specially oriented towards truthfulness, honesty and integrity. Thus, all four foundations of NIS, in Nepal, possess values that stand against corruption and abuse of authority.

Factors affecting Integrity and Ethical behaviour Employee as an Individual Internal/ Organizational External Environment Family Influences Policies, Code of conduct Government regulations Religious / Cultural values Behaviour of leaders, supervisors, peers and subordinates Norms and values of politics – political behaviour Personal standards, and needs Organisational culture Ethical climate of society- social values and norms My Choice How does religion affect – example rebirth Ethical Behaviour

Ethical Decision Making An ethical dilemma is one in which a person has to choose between two options, both of which are morally correct but in conflict. Ethical Dilemma_(360p).mp4

Ethical Framework for Decision Making Five Sources of Ethical Standards for Decision Making The Utilitarian Approach The ethical action is the one that will produce the greatest balance of benefits over harms. The Rights Approach The ethical action is the one that most dutifully respects the rights of all affected. The Fairness or Justice Approach The ethical action is the one that treats people equally, or if unequally, that treats people proportionately and fairly. The Common Good Approach The ethical action is the one that contributes most to the achievement of a quality common life together. Virtue Approach The ethical action is the one that embodies the habits and values of humans at their best.

The utilitarian approach Which option will produce the most good and do the least harm? The rights approach Which option best respects the rights of all stakeholders? The fairness or justice approach Which option treats people equally or proportionately? The common good approach Which option best serves the community as a whole, not just some members? The virtue approach Which option leads me to act as the sort of person I want to be?

Video हरेक व्यक्तिले सार्वजानिक क्षेत्रमा सदाचारलाई आ- आफ्नो तारिकाले बुझ्छन् र विष्लेशण पनि गर्छन् । Integrity Idol Nepal 2017 - Journey Video - YouTube.MP4 Integrity Idol Nepal, 2017 Finalist Shesh Narayan Poudel.mp4

Ethical vs unethical behaviour Group work: Video Case Watch the video case and discuss: Your group’s opinion regarding ethical and unethical behaviour in the video? Did you find any ethical behaviour of service provider/service receiver? Did you find any unethical behaviour of service provider/service receiver? Make notes and be prepared to share findings. Time 15 mins for discussion continued with presentation

Ethics and ethical behaviour A set of moral principles and standards of “right” behavior and conduct. Right or wrong, good or bad in actions that affects others. A group of moral principles or set of values that define or direct us to the right choice.

A set of norms to show ideal human behavior in society. Higher ethical standard and practices are critical in administering work to gain public trust. Ethical behavior is the standards that you hold for yourself of the attributes of honesty, responsibility, and how you treat others in all facets of your life.

Creating strategies to promote integrity Group work: Designing strategy Work in 4 groups and use Activity Sheet. Discuss and work to: Design strategies to promote integrity and ethical behaviour amongst civil servants to improve the public services. Prepare notes on paper, and be prepared to share the findings.

Key learning points Capacity enhancement of public institutions—physical, resource base, human resource, role clarity etc. Compliance to rule of law: strong regulative and legal enforcement mechanisms, Promotion of ethical culture: norms, values and standards are set, Development of good personal behaviour— attitudinal (intention) change

Key Learning points Citizens are entitled to receive public services and have rights to hold civil servants accountable. Civil servants need to understand work culture, values and maintain integrity better service delivery. The human cost of unaccountable governance is manifolds higher (especially to WPEs) than the economic cost. A single person can make the difference if he/she holds him/herself with integrity.

How to solve the integrity problem ?

Integrity Leader Think of an ideal person who you find with high integrity. Why? Please share some of his/her characteristics.

Integrity Leader  Integrity leader is the concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes. It connotes a deep commitment to do the right thing for the right reason, regardless of the circumstances. Integrity leader is necessary condition for Integrity Building but we need something more.

Integrity builder is someone who build on - Establishing culture beyond compliance in an organisation. Building a culture of high ethical standards that are reflected in day- to-day practice. Constructing culture based on ethical behaviour.

Core Characteristics of Toxic Leader 1. Commitment to public interest 1. Commitment to public interest 2. Incorruptibility 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentation 3. Consistency of goal 6. Institutional intelligence 5. Competence

Core Characteristics of Popular and Self-serving Leader 1. Commitment to public interest 1. Commitment to public interest 2. Incorruptibility 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentation 3. Consistency of goal 6. Institutional intelligence 5. Competence

Core Characteristics of Integrity Builder 1. Commitment to public interest 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentation 3. Consistency of goal 6. Institutional intelligence 5. Competence

Integrity building: compliance v/s integrity When going on the journey of integrity leader has to choose various approaches Based on compliance (reactive and proactive) Based on integrity building (reactive and proactive)

Compliance Approach  A Compliance Approach to reducing corruption and/or solving integrity or ethical challenges is characterized by being: • Rules-based • Focused mainly on the application and enforcement of rules and procedures • Adversarial: naming, shaming, litigation • Problem-focused • Less Discretion

Integrity Approach:  The Integrity Approach to reducing corruption and/or solving integrity or ethical challenges is characterized by being: Values-based Aware of discrepancies between policies, rules and laws, and actual implementation of them Collaboration-focused to get violators to fix the problems by working with integrity, using conflict resolution methods, especially alternative dispute resolution methods . Solution-focused More discretion.

Integrity vs Compliance Reactive Proactive Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Supplier “white lists” Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk The Integrity Pact, developed by Transparency International, is a tool for preventing corruption, mainly used in public contracting. It is essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it, that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract.  Most Integrity Pacts rely on digitally-based procedures to prevent direct contact between bidders with their bids, and the persons involved in the decision-making process.  To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society or other external groups. Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

Integrity vs Compliance Reactive Proactive Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

Integrity vs Compliance Reactive Proactive Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Business Collective Action Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

Integrity vs Compliance Reactive Proactive Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Business Collective Action Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

Integrity vs Compliance Reactive Proactive Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk The Integrity Pact, developed by Transparency International, is a tool for preventing corruption, mainly used in public contracting. It is essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it, that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract.  Most Integrity Pacts rely on digitally-based procedures to prevent direct contact between bidders with their bids, and the persons involved in the decision-making process.  To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society or other external groups. Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

No single way or quadrants is enough. But everyone base their action based on one way and move to and fro. Integrity leader based their efforts being on reactive compliance to proactive integrity and Integrity builder based their approach based on proactive integrity and use reactive compliance as on means when necessary.

Action Plan for Integrity Building SN What When Who (you and others) Resources Critical success factors (Risks) HR Finance Others 12/5/2018

Tips for Building Integrity Do what you say Take responsibility Take care of yourself Think of the big picture Respect others Check the mirror Be consistent for what is right and wrong

Thank you