Age of Jackson “Jacksonian Democracy” Goal 2 Age of Jackson “Jacksonian Democracy”

Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC]

Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain?”

Election of 1824 No winner of electoral college: there were 4 candidates and no one won a majority John Q. Adams is chosen over Jackson as President Adams is president w/o winning the popular vote or the electoral college – decision made by the House of Representatives Called corrupt bargain as Jackson had most votes Adams appoints Clay as Secretary of State (believed to be the position that led to the presidency) Jackson supporters formed Democratic Party and opposed Adams policies Begins to campaign for next election

The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

1828 Election Results

Election of 1828 Higher voter turnout b/c voting requirements had been lowered No property requirements in order to vote in most states now Increase of the popular vote’s importance Jackson appealed to the common man: supported majority rule Jackson becomes 1st Western President Frontier Lawyer who built his own wealth

Jackson’s Presidency “ Common Man”’s President Not from aristocracy Creation of the Spoils System Faithful supporters got a government job as a reward for their support Greater democracy but women and minorities we still ignored More eligible voters Great silence over the issue of slavery – at the government level

Nullification Crisis Tariff of Abomination (debate over high tariff) John C. Calhoun – VP from South Carolina Theory of nullification: protect Southern beliefs on states rights; nullifies a series of tariffs in S. Carolina S. Carolina threatens secession – Calhoun steps down as V.P Jackson threatens the use of force – saw secession as treason and passes the Force Bill Henry Clay proposes a compromise that post pones secession

Indian Removal

Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

Indian Policy Different views about Indian policy Indian Removal Act of 1830 Move Native Americans out of valuable Southern lands Cherokee take the issue to the Supreme Court and they win – Federal government overrule the State government (supremacy clause) Jackson ignores the court and order removal Trail of Tears 1838

National Bank Jackson disliked the Bank of the U.S. “Money Power” Aristocracy Thought it was an abuse of power and served the wealthy first Bank stocks were corruption Jackson vetoed the new charter for the bank and withdrew all government funds Causes creation of Whig party

Van Buren Martin Van Buren was elected after Jackson Campaign manager for Jackson; VP 2nd term Suffered because of Jackson’s bank policies Massive inflation; stopped accepting paper $ for federal land Panic of 1837 left many in bad economic situations Worse depression to date – banks, farmers, businesses were all going bankrupt Newly formed Whig party gains strength Supporters of Democrats leave and create the Whig Party

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

Harrison and Tyler War Hero William Henry Harrison becomes first Whig President Beginning of modern campaigns Harrison dies 1 month into office Portrayed as a commoner John Tyler is first V.P. to become President Institutes American System Idea and throws out Whig ideas (ran as a Whig with Harrison) Whigs: strong federal government to manage economy; loose constructionist; American System supporters (protective tariffs, internal improvements and national bank)