Essential Question: What was the impact of European imperialism in Africa? Warm-Up: Look at the Chart on pg. 687 in your text. Interpret the chart and answer questions 1-2. Be prepared to share your answer.

Partition of Africa Board Game Use your ruler and map of Africa to carve out a 1 inch by 1 inch colony First come, first serve

From 1880 to 1914 European nations used imperialism to dominate the continent of Africa

The arrival of Europeans changed Africa The Industrial Revolution led to imperialism in Africa in the mid-1800s Before Europeans, Africa was divided into tribal clans During the Age of Exploration, Europeans explored the African coast …and brought African slaves to their colonies in America …and powerful Islamic kingdoms

In the 1870s, the discoveries of a missionary named David Livingstone increased European interest in Africa The first Europeans to explore the interior of Africa were missionaries & explorers Reports of large deposits of natural resources & the rise of nationalism in Europe set off a race for African colonies Social Darwinism, steamboats, & industrial weapons encouraged the conquest of Africa

Quick class discussion: The race for African colonies was so fierce that Europeans became afraid wars would break out In 1884, 14 nations met at the Congress of Berlin to “set the rules” for colonizing in Africa Any nation could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations & showing it could control the area Quick class discussion: What kind of rules do you think they came up with? No African nations were invited to attend; No concern was given to ethic divisions in Africa

By 1914, Europeans controlled 90% of Africa France took most of west Africa Belgium claimed the Congo in central Africa Germany had many colonies throughout Africa These nations used African colonies to gain diamonds, tin, gold, rubber & built cash-crop plantations

The most dominant imperial power in Africa was Great Britain British industry fueled demand for raw materials Britain claimed colonies in Egypt & in East Africa England In 1882, Britain seized control of the Suez Canal from a French company India Britain seized control of South Africa from the Dutch Egypt Many citizens in England dreamed of a British colony from “Capetown to Cairo” South Africa

His DeBeers Company created diamond mines in South Africa The most important empire-builder in Africa was British businessman, Cecil Rhodes His DeBeers Company created diamond mines in South Africa Rhodes gained new colonies for Britain in southern Africa Rhodes said of the British, "I contend that we are the finest race in the world and that the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race. Just fancy those parts that are at present inhabited by the most despicable specimens of human beings what an alteration there would be if they were brought under Anglo-Saxon influence, look again at the extra employment a new country added to our dominions gives. Rhodes included American students as eligible for the Rhodes scholarships. He said that he wanted to breed an American elite of philosopher-kings who would have the United States rejoin the British Empire. As Rhodes also respected the Germans and admired the Kaiser, he allowed German students to be included in the Rhodes scholarships. He believed that eventually the United Kingdom (including Ireland), the USA, and Germany together would dominate the world and ensure peace The Rhodes Scholarship, named after Cecil John Rhodes, is an international postgraduate award for selected foreign students to study at theUniversity of Oxford.[1] It was the first large-scale programme of international scholarships,[2] and is widely considered the "world's most prestigious scholarship" by many public sources such as Time,[3] Yale University Press,[4] The McGill Reporter,[5] and Associated Press.[6] Rhodes Scholars may study any full-time postgraduate course offered by the university,[7] whether a taught master's programme, a research degree, or a second undergraduate degree (senior status). In the first instance, the scholarship is awarded for two years. However, it may also be held for one year or three years. Applications for a third year are considered during the course of the second year. University and college fees are paid by the Rhodes Trust. In addition, scholars receive a monthly maintenance stipend to cover accommodation and living expenses.[8][9] Although all scholars become affiliated with a residential college while at Oxford, they also enjoy access to Rhodes House, an early 20th-century mansion with numerous public rooms, gardens, a library, study areas, and other facilities. "For more than a century, Rhodes scholars have left Oxford with virtually any job available to them. For much of this time, they have overwhelmingly chosen paths in scholarship, teaching, writing, medicine, scientific research, law, the military, and public service. They have reached the highest levels in virtually all fields. Rhodes used his wealth to build railroads & telegraph lines in Africa

What was the impact of European imperialism in Africa? Europeans introduced new technologies like railroads, telegraph lines, & steamboats… …but transportation routes only connected areas that benefited European businessmen Europeans brought an end to the slave trade… …but Africans were paid low wages & exploited

What was the impact of European imperialism in Africa? Europeans built schools, churches, & hospitals… …but Africans were taught European culture Europeans profited off Africa’s raw materials & cheap African labor Africans were unable to rule themselves, participate in voting, or learn professional skills In South Africa, the British segregated society called apartheid which remained in place for over 100 years

Africans rebelled against European rule, but were defeated due to advanced European weaponry

Africa remained under the control of European imperialists from the 1880s until the 1950s & 1960s