MINERAL CHEMISTRY.

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Presentation transcript:

MINERAL CHEMISTRY

Electron shells 1st shell: maximum 2 2nd shell: maximum 8 3rd shell: maximum 8

Nobel gases Outer electron shell is filled Will not bond Last column on periodic table

BONDING

IONIC BONDING TRANSFER of electrons Want to have outer shell filled Weak bonding

chlorine

sodium chlorine Sodium chloride

COVALENT BONDING Sharing of electrons Strong bond

Covalent Bonding

The silicate (SiO4)-4 molecule

List the BIG 8 elements that make up Earth’s crust

Silicate structures- most common group of minerals

FELDSPAR FAMILY Hornblende crystals

Feldspar family Potassium feldspar

Feldspar family Plagioclase feldspar

Quartz

MICA FAMILY MUSCOVITE BIOTITE

NON-SILICATES Carbonates (CO3) Sulfates (SO4) Halides (halogens) calcite Sulfates (SO4) gypsum Halides (halogens) fluorite Native minerals elements

http://webmineral.com/chemical.shtml

FORMULAS Subscripts Parentheses Opal commas