New England Colonies: Settled – to practice religious freedom Industry – lumber, shipbuilding, international trade Culture – small towns, small family farms Middle Colonies: Settled – to set up family farms and businesses Industry – agricultural trade in wheat, barley and other grains Culture – cities and hard goods industries Southern Colonies: Settled – to set up large agricultural trading companies Industry – plantation farming of tobacco, cotton and rice Culture – small towns served plantation trade

The English Colonies Chapter 3

The Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

The Southern Colonies Settlement of Jamestown, Virginia Jamestown was founded on May 14, 1607 by 105 colonists sent by the London Company It was the first permanent English settlement in North America. Because these settlers were adventurers and not farmers, two-thirds of them died by winter.

Daily Life in Virginia The demand for workers was soon greater than the supply of people willing to work as indentured servants. This factor led many colonists to begin to use slave labor.

Maryland Toleration Act of 1645 – made it a crime to restrict religious rights of Christians. This was the 1st law supporting religious tolerance passed in the English Colonies. Economies of Southern Colonies Southern economies depended on agriculture. The south’s warm climate and long growing season helped tobacco, rice, and indigo become important cash crops. However, these cash crops needed an enormous amount of labor = SLAVES.

*Why would slave owners need slave codes?* Slave Codes were laws to control slaves. Example: laws from the slave codes included slaves not being able to hold meetings or own weapons. *Why would slave owners need slave codes?*

The New England Colonies Massachusetts New Hampshire Connecticut Rhode Island

The New England Colonies Pilgrims and Puritans A protestant group called the Puritans wanted to purify, or reform, the Anglican Church. The Pilgrims were one of the Separatists group that left England in the early 1600’s to escape persecution. They moved to the Netherlands in 1608. The Pilgrims were immigrants, people who have left their country of birth to live in another country. The Pilgrims sailed to the Americas on a ship called the Mayflower.

The Mayflower Compact - The Pilgrims wanted their own laws and rules to govern the colony. The male passengers signed the Mayflower Compact, a legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good. This represents the first attempt at self-government in the colonies.

Pilgrim’s and Native American’s Celebrated the harvest which became known as the first Thanksgiving

The Middle Colonies New Jersey Pennsylvania New York Delaware

Middle Colonies The Middle Colonies economy combined characteristics of New England and Southern Colonies. Indentured servants filled most of the skilled labor jobs in the middle colonies. - However, some slaves were skilled laborers in cities as well as on farms and on board ships.

The Triangular Trade - A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americans, Britain, and Africa.

The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment In the late 1730’s ministers began having revivals, emotional gatherings where people came together to hear sermons. The Great Awakening was a religious movement that swept through the colonies in 1730s and 1740s. The movement that spread the idea that reason and logic could improve a society was called the Enlightenment. These movements led to ideas of political equality among many colonists.

The French and Indian War A dispute occurred because both France and Britain claimed the Ohio River Valley. When war broke out, it was the French and Indians versus the British. The Indians and Spanish were allies of the French. The war began in 1754. Most of the fighting was in Canada George Washington lead troops to the Ohio River Valley for Virginia.

The Treaty of Paris (1763) In 1763, The Treaty of Paris officially ended the war. The terms of the treaty gave Britain all of Canada, French lands east of the Mississippi River (except the City of N.O.), and Florida. This treaty changed the balance of power in North America. Soon British settlers began moving west to settle new lands.