Theories of Personality

Personality A person’s broad long-lasting patterns of behavior

Psychoanalysis Developed by Sigmund Freud Analyzes one’s thoughts, feelings, and personal history to reveal unknown needs and concerns

Freud’s Life His mom was 20 yrs. Younger than his dad He had 7 step-siblings from a previous marriage –one of which was older than his mother! Live w/ 9 kids, nephew, & parents They all shared 1 room 30 ft. X 30 ft. apt. above dad’s work

Dad’s business closed, moved away from hometown to a 1 room apt Dad’s business closed, moved away from hometown to a 1 room apt. that had been a jewish ghetto As an adult thought his mom was hot

Freud became a doctor Changed to psychology 1. disliked blood 2. thought patients probs. Were mental 3. tried treating w/ cocaine (became an addict)

Details of Psychoanalysis Personality is developed by age 6 (fixed & unchanging) Family conflicts & relationships create us Repression: hiding a memory in your unconscious (defense)

3 parts of the Brain Unconscious: we are unaware of it at all times but it affects us always Sub-Conscious:we are not currently aware of it but can think of it when we try Conscious: our current thoughts

All behavior/thoughts are based on Food Aggression Sex

Map of the Mind Id: animal instincts, basic needs & desires Superego: conscience, ideal moral self Ego: balances id & superego

The Ego

Freud’s 5 Stages of Development Name of Stage Age Concerns Oral Birth-1 ½ Feeding=pleasure Weening too early/late=probs. Depend too much on others, rejecting others, sarcasm, eating disorders

Anal 1 ½- 2 ½ Focus= potty training Too lenient/harsh= prob. Excessively stingy/generous, irresponsible, rebellious or follow rules too closely

Phallic 2 ½- 6 2 Complexes… depending on your sex Oedipal (boys) Electra (girls) Lead to aggression, excessive anxiety, guilt, phobias, depression,

Boys secretly “want” their moms and want to kill their dads so they can take dad’s place and have sex with mom Act like the dad so mom will sleep w/ them

Electra Complex Girls secretly “want” their dads, desire to kill mom so that they can take her place and have sex w/ dad

AND ….girls secretly have….penis envy No picture available….

Latency 6- Puberty No new Conflict Earlier issues are hidden in the unconscious

Genital Adolescence on Look for a spouse Childhood conflicts reappear and need to be addressed

Methods Used by Freud Free Association: say everything that comes to mind (unconscious uncensored) Dream Analysis: Subconscious and unconscious thoughts to analyze

Carl Jung Thinks unconscious is a combination of religious/ethical beliefs that control human behavior Neofreudian: less concerned w/ animal instincts

Archetypes Jung found that many themes were evident in all cultures of all time These themes: archetypes

We are controlled by archetypes= a collective unconscious Ex. Nurturing mother, hero, wise old man

Pple. Imitate archetypes and hide who they really are Pple. Act diff. based on expectations (personas)

Social Psychologists Karen Horney: : neo-Freudian, emphasizes social forces on the unconscious Coping w/ social stress is important

Need love, and isolation=sad/ anxious We try to avoid rejection so we go along w/things we don’t want to

Alfred Adler Neo-freudian Pple. Try to feel important Pple. Try to dominate and control others

Behaviorism John Watson Environment shapes personality If we control environment we control personality

B.F. Skinner Mom held face into the stove to show him hell Poor people skills

All behavior = result of experiences You don’t choose anything Due to reinforcements

Albert Bandura Believes pple. Consider experiences buy make the final decision Personality also from modeling behavior of others=learn from imitation

Humanistic Theory Believes our biggest prob.=living up to our ideal selves Our environment ruins us We can get back on track Becoming your ideal self=fully functioning individual

Trait Theory Group of personality theories that analyzes permanent characteristics regarding what one does/feels & thinks

Gordon Alport Says 3 types of traits: Cardinal Traits: affect everything a person does

Raymond Cattell 2 categories of traits

Surface traits: can be easily observed Source traits: underlie surface behavior

Hans Eysenck Based on 2 categories Extraversion/ introversion Emotional Stability/instability

5-Factor Model Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness/self-discipline Emotional stability (diff. from Eysenck-happy feelings) Openness to experience

General Notes 5 factors are “permanent “ by early 20s Birth order does not affect personality Environment 50% & Genetic 50% of personality