The Impact of the Enlightenment Ch. 10 Section 3-4

Art and Music A new style of art called rococo takes over Europe Emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action Not religiously focused Focused on the pursuit of pleasure, happiness, and love Composers such as Mozart and Bach created their masterpieces during this time in history

Enlightened Absolutism? Enlightened absolutism – rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their royal powers Frederick II of Prussia, also known as Frederick the Great Abolished the use of torture except in treason and murder cases Granted limited freedom of speech and press Greater religious toleration

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa of Austria… Maria Theresa’s son Joseph II… Worked hard to ease the condition of the serfs Maria Theresa’s son Joseph II… Abolished serfdom Eliminated the death penalty Established equality b/f the law Enacted religious reforms, including religious toleration

Joseph II of Austria Joseph II reforms failed b/c… He alienated the nobles by freeing the serfs He alienated the Catholic Church w/ his religious reforms Even the freed serfs were unhappy They did not know what to do with all this freedom and were unable to make sense of all of it Joseph II realized his failures He wrote the epitaph for his tombstone “Here lies Joseph II who was unfortunate in everything he undertook.” His successors undid almost all of his reforms

Seven Years’ War Sides of war… Areas of conflict… France, Austria, and Russia Britain and Prussia Areas of conflict… Europe, India, and North America

Seven Year’s War In Europe… Prussia & British vs. Russia, France & Austria Frederick the Great monarch of Prussia Prussia’s forces under attack from 3 different directions Peter III b/c new Russian czar Peter III greatly admires Frederick the Great of Prussia Peter III w/draws Russian troops from the war War ends in Europe with the Treaty of Paris in 1763 All occupied territories are returned to their original owners

Seven Years’ War In India… Known in India as the Great War for Empire British vs. French British win b/c they were more persistent War in India ends with the Treaty of Paris in 1763 The French w/drew and left India to the British

Seven Years’ War In North America… French & Indians (and later the Spanish) vs. British & Colonists Called the French and Indian War in America French colonies in N. America Vast trading area, very thinly populated, lived well with the Indians British colonies in N. America Very populated, infringed on the Indians way of life The French and British were fighting over the Ohio River Valley

French and Indian War Ohio River Valley France b/g to put forts in the Ohio River Valley French forts were threatening British settlers from expanding into the area Indians side w/ the French b/c the French are traders, not settlers The British did not live well w/ the Indians

French and Indian War War in N. America ended w/ the Treaty of Paris in 1763 – Britain Won! Transferred Canada and the lands east of the Mississippi to England Spain transferred Florida to British control French gave their Louisiana territory to the Spanish By 1763 Great Britain had b/c the world’s greatest colonial power

American Revolution British needs money to pay for the debt of the French and Indian War They b/g to tax colonists in order to make money Colonist b/g to unite and organize against British laws they saw as unjust and invalid The war begins due to… NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!!!!! France gives aid to the colonists France was instrumental in the colonists winning the war

American Revolution Treaty of Paris 1783 ends the war Recognizes the independence of the American colonies The United States of America Grants the Americans control of the land as far west as the Mississippi River The new country drafts a Constitution and a Bill of Rights

Enlightened America The war for independence… Influenced by… John Locke – corrupt govt. should be overthrown and replaced by a govt. of the people Rousseau – govt. is only valid if the people give their consent (social contract) The Constitution and Bill of Rights… Influenced by Montesquieu – 3 branches of govt. John Locke – natural rights, protection of citizens Rousseau – social contract makes laws valid