12.2 Control Over Colonies

Types of Control Four forms of control Indirect vs. Direct control Colony Protectorate Sphere of Influence Economic Imperialism Indirect vs. Direct control

Types of Control Indirect = use of existing political structure Current political structure would train country in ways of European culture Country would eventually govern itself w/European ways Direct = Placing of government leaders Country could not handle European politics Paternalism = giving needs but not rights Assimilation = people would adopt culture of European country

Types of Control Colony = territory governed internally by a foreign power Protectorate = own internal gvt. but under control over outside power Sphere of Influence = outside power has exclusive economic rights in country Economic Imperialism = country controlled by private business interests

Effects of Colonial Rule Negative Effects: Africans lose control over land & independence Many die from disease & resisting Europeans Famine due to change towards cash crops Loss of culture Artificial boundaries created Positive Effects: Reduction of local warfare Humanitarian efforts increase lifespan and literacy African goods wanted = increase in economy Technological advances

Europeans Imperialize Muslim Lands 12.3 Europeans Imperialize Muslim Lands

Ottoman Empire Geopolitics = taking land for its strategic location and/or products Ottoman Empire desired b/c Mediterranean Sea & entrance to Black Sea Crimean War between Russians & Ottomans Britain & France side w/Ottomans – win war Reveals weakness of Ottomans, other areas break away from Ottoman Empire – Romania, Montenegro, Cyprus, Bosnia, Bulgaria

Egypt Egypt modernizes – turn to a cotton as a cash crop Build Suez Canal to connect Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea British take over Egyptian debt and occupy Egypt