Emotions Chapter 10

What are emotions? Emotions are a mix of bodily arousal (physiological) conscious experience (cognitive) overt expressions (behavioral) Mnemonic: ACE Emotions are expressed on the face, by the body, and by the intonation of voice.

Experienced Emotion 10 basic emotions. Most of them are present in infancy, except for contempt, shame, and guilt. OBJECTIVE 13| Name the 10 basic emotions, and describe two dimensions psychologists use to differentiate emotions.

Detecting Emotion Most people find it difficult to detect deceiving emotions. Do you? Even trained professionals like police officers, psychiatrists, judges, and polygraphists detected deceiving emotions only 54% of the time. OBJECTIVE 10| Discuss the research on reading and misreading facial and behavioral indicators of emotion.

Micro-expressions Unlike regular facial expressions, they are difficult to hide. They use the same muscles, but are very brief in nature. Paul Eckman

Signs of Deception Shifting/wandering eyes Obscuring eyes Fidgeting Fiddling with cup, pens, etc. Wringing hands Clearing throat Rapid speech Speech errors Speech hesitations Becoming silent Shorter then usual responses Changes in voice (pitch) Signs of nervousness Shifting weight Random, repeated smiles Biting lip Licking lips Chewing nails Running tongue over teeth Leaning forward Inappropriate familiar touching Increased blinking Sweating Shaking

Culture and Emotions Are emotions universal? When culturally diverse people were shown basic facial expressions, they did fairly well at recognizing them. Display Rules OBJECTIVE 11| Discuss the culture-specific and culturally universal aspects of emotional expression, and explain how emotional expressions can enhance survival.

James-Lange Theory William James and Carl Lange came up with the James-Lange Theory of Emotion. We feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress. The body changes and our mind recognizes the feeling. Supported by the facial feedback hypothesis

Cannon-Bard Theory Walter Cannon and Phillip Bard said the James-Lange theory was full of crap. How can that be true if similar physiological changes correspond with drastically different emotional states? The physiological change and cognitive awareness must occur simultaneously. 1) Cannon suggested that body’s responses were not distinct enough to evoke different emotions. 2) Physiological responses seemed too slow to trigger sudden emotions.

Two-Factor Theory Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer explains emotions more completely that the other two theories. They happen at the same time but context matters! Biology and Cognition interact with each other to increase the experience.