Mr. Good Environmental Science

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Presentation transcript:

Mr. Good Environmental Science Earth’s Climate Mr. Good Environmental Science

What is Climate? Broad average of the average conditions in a region Determined by- Amount or Rain/Snow Fall Snow and Ice Cover Wind Direction and Strength Many other things..

Weather vs. Climate Weather- Less than 1 year… Short, variable local changes Climate- Greater than 1 year… Long term regional changes

Lots of Factors Effect Climate 2 Main Categories- External Factors- Internal Interactions- External Factors + Internal Interactions = Climate Variations

External Factors Changes in Plate Tectonics Earth’s internal heat affects its surface Changes in Earth’s Orbit- Amount of solar radiation (sunlight / other energy) Changes in Sun Strength Variations in the amount of radiation the sun puts off

Internal Interactions Component Response Time Fast Responses Atmosphere Hours/Weeks Land Surface Hours/Months Ocean Surface Hours/Decades Sea Ice Weeks/Years Slow Mountain Glaciers 10-100 YRS Deep Ocean 100-100 YRS Ice Sheets 100-10,000 YRS

Change / Response Forcing- Something creates a change Response- Actual change that happens Heating a flask of water with a Bunsen burner Forcing- Bunsen Burner Response- Temperature of Water

Response Time- The amount of time it takes a forcing to produce a response Equilibrium- Point at which a climate is no longer in change

Feedbacks Positive Feedback- Increases a response to a change Negative Feedback- Decreases a response to a change

How do we know about past climate? Ocean Sediments- Runoff from the ground eventually makes it to the ocean From there it accumulate in layers Changes in sea level change where the sediment is deposited

How do we know cont… Trees- Tree rings > 10,000 Years Glacial/Continental Ice- Annual Snowfall creates layers in Ice Ice Cores > 700,000 Years Coral- Annual coral growth can be measured and dated

How do we now cont… cont… Historic Archives- ~Thousands of Years Instrumental Archives- ~200 Years

How do we know cont… cont… cont… Types of land fossils in record- Plants / Pollen / Animals Types of fossils in ocean sediment- Plankton- Different types of plankton like to live in different temperature water

Models Scientist use computer models to simulate different conditions of the past Compare to conditions today

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