Essential Questions What conditions exist which promote the industrial revolution in Great Britain? Why are the causes and consequences of rapid industrialization in Great Britain? What are the long-term global effects of Britain’s industrial prowess?

Why Great Britain? Colonial market, expanding Atlantic trade, strong tariff-free home market creates new demands for manufactured goods Cheap food frees up expendable income for industrial goods Available capital, stable government, economic freedom, and mobile labor provides right mix in England Industrial Revolution begins in 1780’s in Great Britain, after 1815 on the Continent.

The First Factories Growing demand for textiles leads to the creation of the first large factories Putting out system can’t keep up with demand

The First Factories Hargreaves’s spinning jenny and Arkwright’s water frame speed up spinning Cotton spinning gradually moved to factories Cotton goods cheaper and more available Wages of weavers rise quick, ag workers move to become weavers

Working Conditions Working conditions in factories bad, become poorhouses Abandoned kids prime labor force “apprenticed” workers 13-14 hour days Exploitation leads to reform and humanitarian attitudes toward kids 1831, cotton industry has grown to 22% of nation’s industrial output

The Problem of Energy Energy from land was limited Solution to energy problem was cause of industrialization Energy sources have always been plants, animals, and humans. Energy from land was limited Britain’s major source of fuel was wood, nearly gone Wood gave heat and charcoal which was used for iron production Needed new source of power= coal

Steam Engine Breakthrough Coal used for heat, but not for mechanical energy or to run machinery 1 day of coal production= 27 days worth of energy Early steam engines (Savery and Newcomen) were inefficient   1760’s James Watt increased the efficiency of steam engines and began to produce them Steam power was used in many industries and encouraged other breakthroughs Textile industry expansion Iron made coke available Cort’s puddling furnace increased production of pig iron

The Coming of Railroads Stephenson’s “Rocket” first locomotive (Liverpool to Manchester) Railroad boom means lower transportation costs, larger markets and cheaper goods. RR workers were taken from the country and brought to the city RR changed the outlook and values of the society

Industry and Population 1851 Great Exposition, held in Crystal Palace, reflected growth of the industry and population. Dubbed “workshop of the world”.

Industry and Population GNP grew 400% and population boomed, but consumption grew only 75% Malthus argued population would always exceed food supply Ricardo said wages would always be low Both proven wrong in the long run Thomas Malthus David Ricardo