Loose Ends for Unit 2

Key Concept 2.1: The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions I. Religions provide a bond among people & an ethical code Jews - Assyrians, Babylonians, and Roman all lead to Jewish Diaspora Hindus - Social & Political Roles of the Caste System

2.1 cont. II. New Belief Systems A. Buddhism – educational institutions B. Confucianism – social harmony C. Daoism Influenced Traditional Chinese Medicine - belief that all parts of the universe are interconnected (ex. Acupunture) D. Christianity

2.1 cont. II. New Belief Systems cont E. Greco-Roman Philosophy emphasized Logic Empirical Observation The Nature of Political Power F. Art & Architecture reflected the values of religions & belief systems

Architecture Examples

Architecture Examples

Architecture Examples

Architecture Examples

2.1 (cont) III. Belief systems affected gender roles A. Buddhism & Christianity – monastic life B. Confucianism – filial piety IV. Some Places Stay the Same A. Shamanism & Animism – reliance on natural world B. Ancestor Veneration

Key Concept 2.2 The Development of States and Empires The number and size of key states and empires grew dramatically by imposing political unity on areas where previously there had been competing states. A. Persia B. Qin & Han C. Maurya & Gupta D. Phoenicia, Greece, Rome E. Teotihuacan & Mayan City States F. Moche

2.2 Cont II. Empires and states developed new techniques of imperial administration (building on others) A. Administrative Institutions 1. Centralized Governments 2. Elaborate legal systems and bureaucracies B. Projecting military power 1. Diplomacy 2. Developing supply lines 3. Building fortifications, defensive walls, & roads 4. Drawing from conquered peoples

2.2 Cont. III. Unique social and economic dimensions developed in imperial societies in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas. A. Cities: Administration, Religion, & Trade B. Social Structures C. Food Production & Rewards for loyalty (Corvee, Slavery, Rents & Tributes, Peasant Communities, Family & Household Productions) D. Patriarchy

2.2 Cont. IV. The Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, & Gupta empires created political, cultural, and administrative difficulties that they could not manage, which eventually led to their decline, collapse, and transformation into successor empires or states. A. Wealth Gap B. External Problems

Land and Water routes became basis for trans-regional trade Key Concept 2.3 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange Land and Water routes became basis for trans-regional trade New technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange New technologies permitted the use of domesticated pack animals Innovations in maritime technologies A. Dhow ships & Lateen Sail B. Knowledge of Monsoon Winds

Lateen Sails – Dhow Ships

Monsoon Winds

2.3 cont. III. More than just goods are exchanged Changes in farming & irrigation techniques 1. The qanat system Spread of disease pathogens Religious and Cultural Traditions transformed as they spread. Christianity Hinduism Buddhism