Open charm production with ALICE at the LHC

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Presentation transcript:

Open charm production with ALICE at the LHC Kai Schweda (for the ALICE Collaboration) Physikalisches Institut University of Heidelberg / GSI Darmstadt Thanks to Directors of this school ! Erice, 34th Course 17 Sep 2012

Outline Introduction Heavy-quark production in pp Heavy-quark production in Pb-Pb Summary 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Time Scales QGP life time 10 fm/c ≈ 310-23 s thermalization time 0.2 fm/c ≈ 710-25 s formation time (e.g. charm quark): 1/2mc = 0.08 fm/c ≈ 310-25 s collision time 2R/g = 0.005 fm/c ≈ 210-26 s Plot: courtesy of R. Stock. 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Heavy - flavor: a unique probe mc,b » QCD : new scale mc,b ≈ const., mu,d,s ≠ const. initial conditions: test pQCD probe gluon distribution early partonic stage: diffusion (), drag () flow, jets, correlations probe thermalization hadronization: chiral symmetry restoration confinement statistical coalescence J/ enhancement / suppression Q2 time X. Zhu, M. Bleicher, S.L. Huang, K.S., H. Stöcker, N. Xu, and P. Zhuang, PLB 647 (2007) 366. 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Where does all the charm go ? J/(charmonium) c D*+ Ds D0 D± Total charm cross section: open-charmed hadrons, e.g. D0, D+, D*+, c, … and c,b  e() + X Quarkonia, e.g. J/ carries 1% of total charm 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Heavy-quark detection Open-charm reco. in ALICE D0  K D+  K D*  D0 Ds  KK Under study: D0  K c  pK c   c  K0S plot: courtesy of D. Tlusty. e.g., D0  K- +  , c = 123 m displaced decay vertex is signature of heavy-quark decay 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Open-charm spectra from pp @ 7 TeV ALICE, JHEP 1201 (2012) 128; arXiv:1111.1553 [hep-ex]; D* analysis: Y. Wang, PhD thesis, Univ. Heidelberg, in preparation; F. Schaefer, bachelor thesis, Univ. Heidelberg (2012). covers spectrum from 1 up to 24 GeV/c 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Open-charm cross section ALICE, arXiv:1205.4007 [hep-ex]; J. Wilkinson, bachelor thesis, Univ. Heidelberg (2011); S. Stiefelmaier, bachelor thesis, Univ. Heidelberg (2012). LHC: First collider measurements at TeV scale ATLAS & LHCb agree with ALICE experimental data sits in the upper theory band 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Charm hadronization Pv: fraction of D-mesons in vector state (V) to all mesons (V+S), Pv = V / (V+S) World average: Pv = 0.60 ± 0.01 Stat. model, T=164 ± 10 MeV: Pv = 0.58 ± 0.13, agrees with data HQET predicts Pv = 3/(3+1) = 0.75 ALICE, arXiv:1205.4007 [hep-ex]; J. Wilkinson, bachelor thesis, Univ. Heidelberg (2011); S. Stiefelmaier, bachelor thesis, Univ. Heidelberg (2012). 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Charm hadronization, cont’ed Pv independent on collision energy and system Charm quark does not remember how it was created In hindsight, justifies factorization Ansatz Charm hadronization described by stat. model N.B. Lund fragm. + Clebsch-Gordan coupling: Pv = 0.63 HQEFT (m=∞), mass differences negligible, NOT justified for charm but exp. checked for B mesons (Δm/m = 40 MeV/5000 GeV) 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Charm: Nuclear Modification In Pb-Pb collisions: Suppresion by factor ~5 when compared to simple binary scaling from pp Covers 1 – 36 GeV/c pp reference measured only up to 24 GeV/c + extrapolation 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Comparison to other hadrons Mass ordering in RAA? J/ψ  B (upper) D (middle) π (lower) g,W,Z-bosons: RAA ≈ 1 (!) checks normalization, does not probe the medium ALICE, arXiv:1203.2160 [nucl-ex], CMS Z-boson: Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011)212301. 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Model calculations Rising RAA solely due to spectrum in pp Still have to learn from theory about medium properties, i.e. qhat, ehat Not an initial state effect Erice, 34th Course 17 Sep 2012

Anisotropy Parameter v2 coordinate-space-anisotropy  momentum-space-anisotropy y py x px Initial/final conditions, EoS, degrees of freedom

2nd Fourier Coefficient – v2 D-meson v2 analysis: R. Grajcarek, PhD thesis, Univ. Heidelberg, in preparation. Substantial v2 of charm, comparable to charged hadrons 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

v2 - Model calculations Models needs to simultaneously describe v2 and R AA Stringent constraint, gets tougher with more precision/data 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Next steps Extract power spectrum of vn, like WMAP* Compare pp high multiplicity vs Pb+Pb Mach cone vs medium response for heavy-quarks (well defined probes) h/s *WMAP data: The NASA/WMAP Science team; http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/080997/index.html. QGP plot: B. Schenke, S. Jeon, and C. Gale, arXiV:1109.6289. 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Heavy  quark Correlations Charm and anti-charm quarks created in pairs and thus correlated Look for modifications in Pb+Pb collisions Study transport properties / thermalization PYTHIA: p + p @ 14 TeV Heavy-quark production correlated due to QCD processes such as pair creation (backward), gluon splitting (forward), etc. Expetced for pp Modified in PbPb --> probe early thermalization X. Zhu, M. Bleicher, S.L. Huang, K.S., H. Stöcker, N. Xu, and P. Zhuang, PLB 647 (2007) 366. G. Tsildeakis, H. Appelshäuser, K.S., J. Stachel, NPA 858 (2011) 86; arXiv: 0908.0427 [nucl-ex]. 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Heavy  quark Correlations* CMS trigger: inspected 200 x 109 p+p collisions BBbar, establish correlations exist in p+p ! Look out for modifications in Pb+Pb Heavy-quark production correlated due to QCD processes such as pair creation (backward), gluon splitting (forward), etc. Expetced for pp Modified in PbPb --> probe early thermalization *CMS collaboration:JHEP 1102 (2011) 136; arXiv:1192.3194v2 [hep-ex]. 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

Upgrading the Inner Detector upgrade Concept recently approved by the ALICE Collaboration targeted for 2017-2018 LHC shutdown Conceptual Design Report CERN-LHCC-2012-005 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course

LHC: Tentative Schedule 2010/11: long run with pp collisions at 7 TeV 1 month of Pb+Pb collisions each year 2012: long run with pp at 8 TeV 2012/13: p+Pb control measurement 2013/14: Machine consolidation and training 2014: pp and Pb+Pb at full energy 2017/18: long shutdown, luminosity + detector upgrades 2019: pp and Pb+Pb at high luminosity 17 Sep 2012 Erice, 34th Course