Exam review: study guide INSTRUCTED BY MS. SORN

UNIT 1 - Influences on Weather and Climate How can the geography of a region affect its weather and climate? The geography of a region can affect its weather and climate because the shape of the land and surrounding landforms influence the flow of wind, wind direction, ocean currents, and amount of precipitation, etc.

UNIT 1 - Influences on Weather and Climate 2 What are the main factors that influence the patterns of movement of the Earth’s air and water? The Sun’s radiation, and the rotation and revolution of the Earth, cause uneven heating, resulting in various patterns of movement of air and water on Earth.

UNIT 1 - Influences on Weather and Climate 3 Weather and climate are influenced by interactions involving– Weather and climate are influenced by interactions involving the ocean, sunlight, the atmosphere, land, ice, geography, and living things.

Unit 2 - Predicting Weather 1/ Explain what atmospheric conditions a meteorologist might use in order to predict the weather within a probabilistic range - A meteorologist might use temperature, air pressure, wind speed, and the amount of precipitation to predict the weather. 2/ What are the major forces that drive patterns of atmospheric movement? - The major forces that drive patterns of atmospheric movement are air pressure, temperature, wind speed, and humidity. Landforms, such as oceans and mountains, can also create predictable patterns of movement.

UNIT 3 – Oceans' Influence on Weather and Climate 1 A region of land near the ocean can reasonably be expected to experience what type of effects on its climate due to the influence of the nearby ocean? A region of land near the ocean can reasonably be expected to have cooler summers and warmer winters due to the influence of the nearby ocean.

UNIT 3 – Oceans' Influence on Weather and Climate 2 How do oceans exert an influence on weather and climate? Oceans exert a major influence on weather and climate by absorbing energy from the sun, releasing it over time, and redistributing it through ocean currents.

UNIT 3 – Oceans' Influence on Weather and Climate Thermal energy from evaporating water helps drive the weather systems. Which regions of Earth would have the most evaporation? The regions on Earth that would have the most evaporation would be the regions nearest the equator.

UNIT 4- Human Activities and Global Climate Change 1 Over the last 100 years, there has been a significant increase in atmospheric temperatures. Which human activity has contributed the greatest amount of greenhouse gases during this time period? Burning of fossil fuels by industry, transportation, and energy has contributed the greatest amount of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere over the last 100 years.

UNIT 4- Human Activities and Global Climate Change 2 What are some indicators that show that the overall climate of Earth is getting warmer? Indicators such as increased average temperatures, changes in patterns of precipitation, rising sea levels, ice and snow melting sooner, etc., show that the overall climate of Earth is getting warmer.

UNIT 4- Human Activities and Global Climate Change 3 How are models and simulations used to help understand the effects of a rise in global temperatures? Scientists can use simulations and computer models to study the cause and effect of increased global temperatures and how people can adapt and behaviors can be modified to the predicted changes.

UNIT 5- Changes to Earth's Environment 1 Describe how commercial fishing by humans can have a negative impact on the balance of organisms in an aquatic environment. Commercial fishing for food in an aquatic environment can have a negative impact on the balance of organisms if certain species are overfished or if commercial fishing results in harvesting unwanted organisms not used by humans.

UNIT 5- Changes to Earth's Environment 2 Sewer drains along city streets connect to underground systems, which direct rainwater and other substances to aquatic environments. Describe how spraying lawns with chemicals can affect these environments. The chemicals sprayed on lawns to kill weeds or insects can drain into sewers, which can carry potentially harmful chemicals into other aquatic environments.

UNIT 5- Changes to Earth's Environment 3 Describe the impact deforestation can have on species inhabiting those affected environments. Deforestation destroys habitats of organisms that depend on those trees for food and shelter and can possibly lead to extinction of various species dependent on those environments.

Unit 6- Consumption of Natural Resources 1 As the human population increases, so does the consumption of natural resources. What type of impact does this have on natural ecosystems and environments? Human consumption of natural resources tends to have a negative impact on natural ecosystems including habitat loss for plants and animals and environmental pollution.

Unit 6- Consumption of Natural Resources 2 How can consumers help reduce the amount of waste in landfills? Consumers can help reduce the amount of waste in landfills by recycling materials, reducing the amount of consumption of goods, and reusing materials and resources as needed.

Unit 6- Consumption of Natural Resources 3 What type of data would be required to show that the amount of carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels for energy can be reduced by using renewable resources? To show that the amount of carbon dioxide emissions is reduced using renewable resources, data collected should include the amount of emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, compared to the amount of emissions from renewable sources, such as solar or wind.