Colonizing the New World

Spanish Settlements Lead Colonization

Spanish rule the new world in exploration of new sites ; Current Central and South America. Gold, Silver, Food Items Catholic Church active in colonies- only religion allowed to be practiced in their colonies. Spanish Empire by 1600’s

The Columbian Exchange From the Old World: Wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, HORSES, cows, DISEASE!!! From the New World: GOLD, SILVER, corn, potatoes, tobacco IMPACT: In the centuries after Columbus’s arrival, about 90% of Native Americans killed. The Columbian Exchange

Columbian Exchange

The Spanish Conquistadores Spain won domination of New World with Papal bull Demarcation Line (1493) and Treaty of Tordesillas with Portugal (1494) Spanish conquistadors went to Caribbean and New World for two reasons: To serve God For gold and glory The Spanish Conquistadores

The Spanish in America Empire grew quickly—esp. in Peru and Mexico Competition with other powers for land (esp. French) led Spanish to build forts St. Augustine in Florida (1565) Spanish began exploring North— settlements in New Mexico in 1609, Texas in 1716, San Diego in 1769

Spanish Treatment of Native Americans Used Caribbean islands as bases for American conquest Began encomienda system in West Indies: enslavement of native population Missions: to Christianize and civilize Indians. Resistance among Native Americans: Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico Black Legend? Spanish empire v. British empire

Worldwide Slave trade

All Western European nations participated in the African slave trade. The slave trade was dominated by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century, the Dutch in the sugar boom of the seventeenth century, and the English who entered the trade in the seventeenth century. Worldwide Slave trade

The Shock of Enslavement Enslavement was an unparalleled shock. African raiders or armies often violently attacked villages to take captives. The captives were marched to the coast, many dying along the way. On the coast, the slaves were kept in barracoons where they were separated from their families, branded, and dehumanized. The Shock of Enslavement

Middle Passage Middle Passage Middle portion of the triangle trade Shelves 6 feet long and 30 inches high Crowded together spoon fashion Little or no sanitation, food was poor Dysentery and disease. Slaves resistance: jumping overboard, refusing to eat, revolting One in six slaves died during this voyage. Middle Passage

Political and Economic Effects on Africa Slavery enriched a few in Africa, but slave wars ravaged populations, spreading death and destruction far inland. Loss of population and access to cheap European goods led to economic stagnation and prepared the way for direct European colonization in the nineteenth century. Political and Economic Effects on Africa