Chapter 6 – 3 Molecular Geometry (p. 214 – 218)

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 6 – 3 Molecular Geometry (p. 214 – 218)

VSEPR: stands for... Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Predicts three dimensional geometry of molecules. Valence shell electrons - outermost electrons. Electron Pair repulsion - electron pairs try to get as far away as possible in order to minimize repulsive forces. Can determine the angles of bonds.

Lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs!!! VSEPR Based on the number of pairs of valence electrons, both bonding and nonbonding (lone pairs) around the central atom. Lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs!!!

VSEPR Lone pairs reduce the bond angle between atoms. Bond Angle

Using the VSEPR Model 1. Draw the electron-dot structure 2. Identify the central atom 3. Predict the shape of the molecule using the # of bonding pairs and lone pairs around the central atom. double/triple bonds = ONE bonding pair

CO2 O C O 2 bonding pairs 0 lone pair LINEAR 180°

3 bonding pairs, 0 lone pair The farthest the electron pairs can get away is 120º. Shape is flat and called trigonal planar. H 120º H C C O H O H

H H C H H VSEPR 4 bonding pairs 0 lone pair. There are 4 pairs of electrons pushing away. The furthest the electron pairs can get away is 109.5º H H C H H

4 bonding pairs 0 lone pair CH4 TETRAHEDRAL 109.5°

4 bonding pairs, 0 lone pair A pyramid with a triangular base. H 109.5º C CH4 H H H

3 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair Shape is called trigonal pyramidal. N H N H H H <109.5º H H

F P F F PF3 3 bonding pairs 1 lone pair TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL

2 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs Shape is called bent. O H O H <109.5º H H

2 bond 2 lone H2O BENT

2 bonding pairs 0 lone pair LINEAR 180° BeH2

3 bonding pairs 0 lone pair BF3 TRIGONAL PLANAR 120°

2 bonding pairs 1 lone pair SO2 BENT <120°

5 bonding pairs 0 lone pair PCl5 TRIGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL 120°/90°

6 bonding pairs 0 lone pair SF6 OCTAHEDRAL 90°

Learning Check Determine the molecular geometry of each of the following: A. CCl4 tetrahedral B. SO3 trigonal planar C. PCl3 trigonal pyramidal

Which molecule is polar? HF NH3 CCl4

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