National Survey of Japanese Universities on Computing Education Analysis of Educational Computer System Mika Ohtsuki, Tetsuro Kakeshita, Mitsuhiro Takasaki Saga University, Japan {mika,kake}@is.saga-u.ac.jp takasaki@cc.saga-u.ac.jp My name is Tetsuro Kakeshita from Saga University, Japan. Today I would like to talk about national survey of Japanese universities on IT education. We present a series of four papers in this session. In my talk, I would like to explain the overview of the survey project first. The survey project contains four different types of surveys. The result and analysis of each survey type will be presented after that.

Campus network, servers, LMS, educational software 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Survey Type A～E Type Survey Description Presenter A IT Education at a department or a course majored in IT discipline - B IT Education at a non-IT department or a course as part of their major field of study Kakeshita C General IT education for all university students typically at the first or second academic year D IT education program for high school teacher license on IT education Sumi E Computing environment for IT education Ohtsuki This is final presentation about our survey, survey type E for the computing environment for IT education. ★クリック★ Again, survey type E covers campus network, various types of servers, lecture management system, PCs, educational software etc. These are necessary for successful IT education at the universities. Campus network, servers, LMS, educational software

Number of Answers for Each Survey Type 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Number of Answers for Each Survey Type Survey Type University Type Total National Public Private A: IT Department 84 35 177 296 B: non-IT Faculty/Department 302 64 632 998 C: General IT Education 96 69 574 739 D: IT Education for High School Teacher License on IT 85 18 235 338 E: Educational Computer System 128 73 368 569 695 259 1,986 2,940 This table illustrates the number of answers for each survey type. As a total, we collected 2940 answers for the five types of surveys. ★クリック★ Note that each answer is provided by a university, faculty, department or a course. So you should note that the number of answers do not correspond to the actual number of department or faculties. Note Answer is provided by univ., faculty, dept. or course Number of answers do not correspond to the actual number of departments/faculties

Topics of Survey Type E Organization of Educational Computer System 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Topics of Survey Type E Organization of Educational Computer System Contract Type and Rental Contract Period Monthly Rental Fee The Number of Terminals or PCs Provided for Students Educational Software Digital Contents System Administration Full-time and Part-time Staff Committee Outsourcing Free Description Column Future Plan Appeal Points Special Notes These are topics of survey type E. There are three categories: computer system organization, system administration and other free description. Today we will show analysis about several topics from two view points: university type and organization size. Analyze from two view points: University Type and Organization Size for several topics

Number of Answers for Organization Size 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Number of Answers for Organization Size Organization Size National Public Private Total Whole University 57 39 234 330 Faculty 33 17 65 115 Department 38 25 Other 9 Organization Size Rental Non-rental Unknown Total Whole University 158 137 35 330 Faculty 47 21 115 Department 48 43 24 Other 6 3 9 259 230 80 569 First of all, let’s see the tables. This one is relationships between organization size and university types. And another one shows rental cases of each organization size. Regardless of organization size, about 50% of the system are rental. About 50% of system are rental (including lease).

2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Rental Period Both of university type and organization size do not almost affect the rental period. This attribute may depends on hardware lifecycle. Irregular values are seen in private and public universities. This is a summary of rental period. Both of university type and organization size do not almost affect the rental period, because this attribute may depends on hardware lifecycle. Irregular values are seen in private and public universities.

Monthly Rental Fee Under 4 million yen 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Monthly Rental Fee Univ. Type MIN MAX AVG MEDIAN MODE National 87,990 3,381.6 2,797 2,000 Public 95,400 3,241.2 1,148 3,000 Private 103,000 1,966.2 2,062 479 Total 5,789.6 2,115 Under 4 million yen   Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. Whole Univ. 0.0 742.8 3237.0 7709.8 7203.5 103000.0 Faculty 154.5 750.0 1435.7 2146.0 5766.0 Dept. 291.2 1148.0 1215.0 2026.5 3124.0 These graphs are for monthly rental fee. Private universities have high values, but the average value is lesser than national universities. This indicates that diversity of private universities is larger than others. Organization size directly affects rental fee. The average value of whole university is about four times than ones of others. There are several high values for whole university. In these cases, they provide terminals for all students such as tablets. These high values include hardware cost such as tablets for all students

Number of PCs/Terminals 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Number of PCs/Terminals Under 1500 These graphs are distribution for the number of PCs or terminals in the training rooms. Private universities provide more PCs or terminals than others. Department and faculty are almost same, but whole university is about three times more than others.   Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. Whole Univ. 0.0 162.0 305.5 448.9 594.2 3605.0 Faculty 53.0 121.0 173.9 210.5 1000.0 Dept. 48.0 99.0 123.9 153.0 1640.0

Rental Fee and PCs (Whole Univ.) 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Rental Fee and PCs (Whole Univ.) Rental Fee for Whole University Correlation between Rental Fee and Number of PCs for Whole University. Pearson's product-moment correlation p-value = 7.273e-05 (Non-parametric) Wilcoxon signed rank test p-value = 3.07e-05 p<0.05 Statistically significant. PCs for Whole University We tried to check the correlation between rental fee and the number of PCs or terminals for whole university. The result is here. The p-value is less than 0.05 so that we can say that it is considered statistically significant.

Educational Software Fundamental software Development tools 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Educational Software Fundamental software Development tools These three, operating system, anti virus and office suite are fundamental so that all of them installed them. Communication software means internet communication tools such as TeraTerms so that national and public universities use more than private university. Multimedia is more installed in private university than others. Development tools including modeling tools like UML modeling tool are more installed in national university than others. Database is also a development tool but used in private university. We think the reason is bacaue database is used as backend for data mining.

Full-time staffs for Administration 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Full-time staffs for Administration National Public More than faculty or whole univ. These are statistics of the number of full-time staffs for system administration. National university and private university supply more staffs for whole university than faculty or department. However, public university supply more staffs for department than faculty and whole university. Private

Summary and Future Work 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Summary and Future Work Observed Facts Rental Period is about 4 or 5 years independently for organization type or size. Private University’s rental fee are larger than others Rental Fee and PC numbers are strongly correlated. National universities focus on development, and private universities focus on multimedia. Utilization of Survey Result Improvement of educational computer system at Japanese universities Future Plan Relationship analysis among survey types A to E In case of the survey type E for educational computer system, we found several facts such as: Rental Period is about 4 or 5 years independently for organization type or size. Private University’s rental fee are larger than others Rental Fee and PC numbers are strongly correlated. National universities focus on development, and private universities focus on multimedia. Full-time staffs and Rental Fee are not correlated. The analysis result will be utilized to improve educational computer system at Japanese universities. We also have a plan to analyze relationship among various survey types as a future plan.

2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan

Committee Deciding Management Policies 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Committee Deciding Management Policies   National Public Private Total Ratio Committee based on School Regulations 83 56 260 399 70.1％ Unofficial Staff Meetings 19 1 12 32 5.6％ Nothing Special 26 16 96 138 24.3％ 128 73 368 569

Representative Outsourced Tasks 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Representative Outsourced Tasks Task Category Task contents # of cases Ratio (%) Management Daily system management including orientations or seminars for users. 99 32.5 Installation System design, construction and installation, etc. 17 5.6 Maintenance Daily maintenance such as updating software and hardware. 182 59.7 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting when a failure occur in the system. Partly it overlaps with counter service. 28 9.2 User Support Help desks, PC support, and corresponding trouble. Partly it overlaps with Troubleshooting. 68 22.3 The denominator of the ratio (%) in this table is 305.

Full-time staffs for Administration (2) 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Full-time staffs for Administration (2) Whole University Faculty Under 40 (Whole University) Department

Rental Fee and Staffs (Whole Univ.) 2017/9/12 Tetsuro Kakeshita, ICDIM 2017, Fukuoka, Japan Rental Fee and Staffs (Whole Univ.) Rental Fee for Whole University Correlation between Rental Fee and number of full-time staffs for whole university. Pearson's product-moment correlation p-value = 0.635 p>0.05 Not statistically significant. Staffs for Whole University We tried to check the correlation between rental fee and the number of full-time staffs for whole university. The result is here. The p-value is more than 0.05 so that we can say that it is not statistically significant.