Exam 2 M 10/29 at 7-8:30pm in UTC 2.102A Review Th 10/25 at 5-7pm in WRW 102 Bonus #1 due 10/24 in class Last day to drop with a ‘Q’…10/24

What is the largest scale experiment that is being currently performed?

Genetically Modified Organisms

Human resource production and use

from Teosinte Maize By artificial selection that began ~10,000 years ago. Fig 20.19

Wild Brassica oleracea: small side buds Artificial selection Number of Individuals Size of buds (cm) 1 2 3 1. Select individuals that have the largest side buds and breed them. 2. Of the offspring, select individuals that have the largest side buds and breed them. 3. Of the offspring, 4. After several generations, bud size increases dramatically. Figure: 1.3a Caption: (a) This plant is a wild member of the mustard family. It is the progenitor of broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and other domesticated plants. Brussels sprouts: extremely large side buds

Different foods from one species of plant. Created by artificial selection.

Agricultural Hunter- Gatherer Industrial

Genetic Engineering: Direct manipulation of DNA

Global Area planted with GM Crops size of Texas, 172 Millions of Acres

Common Genetically Modified Crops % of Total US Acres

Why Change a Plant’s DNA? Can change plant so that it has new or different characteristics Produce needed protein Insect resistance (Bt toxin) Herbicide resistance (Round-up) Drought or other stress resistance Chemical remediation

Types of Genetically Modified Crops Herbicide Tolerance; Insect Resistance; Viral Resistance

Is Genetically Modifying Plants a Good Idea? size of Texas, 172 Millions of Acres

Is Changing an Organism’s DNA a Good or Bad Idea? Genes flow within species and between species. Are GM foods safe for the environment? Are GM foods profitable for: Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?

Pollution in Gulf of Mexico from run-off in the Mississippi river AAL 25.17

Pollen is easily transferred from plant to plant, and to related species.

GM crops found in Oaxaca and other MX states Genetic information moves. GM crops found in Oaxaca and other MX states GM crops illegal

GM crops found in Oaxaca and other MX states Genetic information moves, and is self-replicating. GM crops found in Oaxaca and other MX states GM crops illegal

Is Changing an Organism’s DNA a Good or Bad Idea? Genes flow within species and between species. Are GM foods safe for the environment? Are GM foods profitable for: Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?