Paul Sonnier – Chairman Work Group on Evaluation of NAF Removal and Water-Wetting by Spacers – Winter 2017 Austin, Texas Paul Sonnier – Chairman

Charge To evaluate and develop methods of determining the ability of spacer systems to remove a film of nonaqueous fluid from a surface and leave the surface water-wet.

Round Robin Testing Inconsistent results from participating labs Procedure Apply surfactant wash, apply Base Oil, apply surfactant wash All labs reported 0̊,80̊,0̊ Apply surfactant wash, apply Base Oil, apply water Half labs reported 0̊, 80̊, 0̊ Half labs reported 0̊, 80̊, 80̊ Possible issue is not sufficient contact time with Base Oil. Initial application of surfactant could be issue.

SSST results

Pull Test

Test fixture

Wettability, shear bond, ssst

Goniometer Pros Cons Can be used as a quantifiable measurement Compact and versatile in capturing contact angles Cons Instrument not plug and play 15K price range Broken instrument hard to fix Only test with solids free fluids Measures at room temperature only Not field lab type instrument, more for research

Plan forward Questions/Comments Summarize project to date in a technical report Questions/Comments

RPSEA Acknowledgement Statement Funding for this project is provided by RPSEA through the “Ultra- Deepwater and Unconventional Natural Gas and Other Petroleum Resources” program authorized by the U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005. RPSEA (www.rpsea.org) is a nonprofit corporation whose mission is to provide a stewardship role in ensuring the focused research, development and deployment of safe and environmentally responsible technology that can effectively deliver hydrocarbons from domestic resources to the citizens of the United States. RPSEA, operating as a consortium of premier U.S. energy research universities, industry, and independent research organizations, manages the program under a contract with the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory.