Organization of the Human Body

Body Planes Transverse Coronal/Frontal Saggital/mid-Saggital

Body cavities Dorsal Cavity Cavities filled with visceral organs Cranial cavity—contains the brain Spinal cavity-contains the spinal cord Cavities filled with visceral organs Ventral cavity Thoracic cavity-contains the lung and the heart Abdominal cavity—contains the spleen, liver, stomach, small and large intestine. Pelvic cavity-contains the large intestine, the bladder.

Pleural cavity Cover the two lungs individually Complications? “collapsed lung” Air gets between the pleura and the lung.

Pneumothorax: Collapsed Lung

Pericardial cavity Outer covering of the heart Similar complications as with the lungs

Cardiac Tamponade compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac

Using anatomical directional terms we have learned, what part of the camel is this person sitting on? The dorsal side and/or the superior side. How is this different from humans? The “back” in humans is posterior and dorsal. Finally, can you tell me where this picture was taken (City AND Country)? Petra in the country of Jordan.

Characteristics of Life Movement Responsiveness Growth Reproduction Respiration Digestion Absorption Circulation Excretion Together these constitute metabolism: Vital signs

L3

L3

Medical Diagnostic Imaging Tests

Medical Diagnostic Imaging Tests Tests that will help a healthcare practitioner identify a disease or disorder.

Half of all imaging is the X-ray. Uses radiation. Allows you to see bony and dense structures. Positives/Negatives? Excellent for bones/fractures/ cheap/common. Excessive Radiation exposure has negative health effects.

CT scan Computed tomography Refined X-ray Eliminates exploratory surgery Positives/Negatives? Good choice for skull fractures—blood is easily visible. More radiation than a typical X-ray.

MRI -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positives/Negatives excellent view of soft tissues (bones don't get in the way). Risks: Metal and STRONG magnetic fields.

Ultrasound Positives/Negatives inexpensive, safe, uses high-frequency sound waves. Not good for bone and air.

PET Scan PET--positron emission tomography helps in observing metabolic processes. Glucose labeled radioisotopes show up in color. Shows brain activity.

Case Study: 18 yo male who presents with pain in the ankle and leg. He has used an air splint from his first aid kit to immobilize his right lower leg. He had been attempting to kick a football and missed, falling on his right leg. You are the Physician’s Assistant treating the patient. The patient says that he heard that X-rays have a lot of radiation and that they are “bad.” What is your response?

Source: http://www.npcentral.net/xray/cases/extremity/0001/

The Eleven Systems of the Human Body

Integumentary System the skin Purpose: waterproofing (homeostasis), cushions, protects Name the specialist associated with this system.

Integumentary System the skin Purpose: waterproofing (homeostasis), cushions, protects Dermatologist would treat skin cancer- Melanoma. How would they initially examine this system?

Skeletal System— bones cartilages ligaments joints. Purpose: protects and supports body organs Name the specialist associated with this system.  

Skeletal System— bones cartilages ligaments joints. Purpose: protects and supports body organs Orthopedist- treats broken bones Replaces joints. How would they initially examine this system?

Skeletal System— bones cartilages ligaments joints. Purpose: protects and supports body organs Orthopedist- treats broken bones Replaces joints. Are teeth a part of the skeletal System? Why or why not?

Muscular System Deltoid Biceps Triceps Purpose: movement, produces Heat. Evan Centopani, Trumbull CT Name the specialist associated with this system.

Muscular System Deltoid Biceps Triceps Purpose: movement, produces Heat. Evan Centopani, Trumbull CT General Physician (GP) How would they initially examine this system?

Nervous System Brain and nerves Fast acting control center Controls muscles and glands Name the specialist associated with this system.

Nervous System Brain and nerves Fast acting control center Controls muscles and glands Neurologist—concussion, migraines, tumors, Psychiatrist—amnesia How would they initially examine this system?

Endocrine system —secrete hormones to regulate processes such as metabolism, growth, nutrient regulation. Hormone (very basic definition)—a chemical released in one part of the body that affects cells in another part of the body. Name the specialist associated with this system.

How would they initially examine this system? Endocrine system —secrete hormones to regulate processes such as metabolism, growth, nutrient regulation. Hormone (very basic definition)—a chemical released in one part of the body that affects cells in another part of the body. Endocrinologist deals with thyroid disease, Cushings disease/syndrome, diabetes. How would they initially examine this system?

Cardiovascular system Transports blood, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes. The heart is a pump. Name the specialist associated with this system.

Cardiologist--Hypertension, Arrythmia, Myocardial Infarction Cardiovascular system Transports blood, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes. The heart is a pump. Cardiologist--Hypertension, Arrythmia, Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) How would they initially examine this system?

Lymphatic System Picks up fluid leaked from blood Vessels and returns it to blood. Houses WBC involved in immunity. Name the specialist associated with this system.

Lymphatic System Picks up fluid leaked from blood Vessels and returns it to blood. Houses WBC involved in immunity. Oncologist—cancer, lymphoma Leukemia. Hematologist—anemia, hemophilia How would they initially examine this system?

Respiratory sytem Keeps blood supplied with oxygen. Removes carbon dioxide. Name the specialist associated with this system.

Respiratory sytem Keeps blood supplied with oxygen. Removes carbon dioxide. Pulmonologist—asthma, pneumonia (infection in the lungs), lung cancer. How would they initially examine this system?

Digestive System Breaks food down so body can absorb it. Elimates indigestable foodstuff eliminated as feces. Name the specialist associated with this system.

Digestive System Breaks food down so body can absorb it. Elimates indigestable foodstuff eliminated as feces. Gastroenterologist diverticulitis, stomach ulcers, liver disease. How would they initially examine this system?

Urinary System Eliminates nitrogenous wastes From the body. Regulates water, electrolytes and acid-base balance. Name the specialist associated with this system.

Urinary System Eliminates nitrogenous wastes From the body. Regulates water, electrolytes and acid-base balance. Urologist—kidney stones, Prostate disease, etc. How would they initially examine this system?

Reproductive System Testis produce sperm Ovaries produce eggs. Both produce Sex hormones. Name the specialists associated with these systems.

Reproductive System Testis produce sperm Ovaries produce eggs. Both produce Sex hormones. Gynecologist and Obstetrician Urologist Pap smear prostate Urinary tract infection (UTI) kidney Pregnancy How would they initially examine this system?

Podiatrist and Pediatrician